APPLE DISEASES 263 



and especially in seed. Dodder is not a fungus, but a specialized 

 parasitic plant of the morning-glory family. 



Control. As soon as discovered, cover the infested spot with 

 straw and oil and burn. Screen the alfalfa seed to remove seed of 

 dodder. Make a screen 12 inches square by 3 inches deep with 

 a 20 X 20 mesh wire-cloth made of No. 34 steel wire. Sift each 

 half pound of seed vigorously for one half minute. 

 Almond. BLIGHT (Coryneum beyerinkii). See PEACH BLIGHT, p. 275. 



YELLOWS. See under PEACH. 

 Apple. BLIGHT. The same disease as PEAR BLIGHT, which see. 



BITTER-ROT or RIPE-ROT (Glomerella. rufomaculans) . Produces a 

 browning and drying of the fruit. Progressing in concentric rings 

 from a central point. Attacks nearly mature fruit. Also occurs 

 on limbs, where it produces a canker scarcely distinguishable 

 from New York apple-tree canker (p. 264). 



Control. Trim out all cankers early .in the spring, and remove 

 all mummied apples from the trees. In addition to the spray- 

 ings for apple scab, make three, four, or five sprayings with bor- 

 deaux mixture, 3-3-50, according to the severity of the disease 

 and the character of the summer as regards rainfall. 



BLACK-ROT of fruit. Fruit stage of the New York apple-tree canker 

 disease, which see. 



BLOTCH (Phyllosticta solitaria). Attacks fruit, twigs, and leaves. 

 Blotches a quarter of an inch or more in diameter appear on the 

 fruit. These often coalesce, and the fruit often cracks deeply. 

 Scurfy cankers are formed on the twigs while very small ; circular 

 spots a quarter of an inch in diameter are formed on the leaves. 

 Ben Davis is especially susceptible. 



Control. Careful pruning to remove cankered twigs. Spray 

 as for apple scab and bitter rot. 



BROWN-ROT. See under CHERRY (p. 267). 



CANKER. Smooth cankers in bark of trunk and limbs usually in- 

 dicate blight, rough ones New York apple-tree canker. 



COLLAR-ROT. A dead area in the bark near the ground ; often 

 girdles the tree. Cause not known. May be started in some 

 cases by the fire-blight organism, in others by winter injury. Com- 

 mon on King, Baldwin, and Ben Davis. 



Remedy. As soon as noticed, cut away dead bark and wood 



