304 INJURIOUS INSECTS, WITH TREATMENT 



ings, and on the smaller roots. It is usually most destructive on 

 the peach. It is caused by a nematode, or true worm (not an 

 insect). Gulf States. Attacks greenhouse plants in the North. 

 Preventive. Plant non-infested plants in fresh soil ; bud 

 into healthy stocks. Fertilize highly, particularly with potassic 

 fertilizers. Set the trees 8 or 10 inches deep in high and dry 

 soils. Infested small trees may be remedied, in part at least, by 

 transplanting them into highly manured holes which have been 

 prepared contiguous to them. Does not live in regions where 

 the ground freezes deeply. If it is feared in greenhouses, see that 

 the soil has been thoroughly frozen before it is used. White- 

 wash the benches. 



Red-spider or mite (Tetranychus bimaculatus) . A small mite infest- 

 ing many plants, both in the greenhouse and out of doors. 

 It flourishes in dry atmospheres, and on the under sides of the 

 leaves. In some forms it is reddish, but usually light-colored and 

 two-spotted. Common. 



Remedies. Persistent syringing with water will generally 

 destroy them, if the spray is applied to the under surface. Use 

 lots of force and little water to avoid drenching the beds. Sulfur 

 and water. Dry sulfur. Sulphocide. 



San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus) . This scale is nearly cir- 

 cular in outline and about the size of a pin-head. When abun- 

 dant it forms a crust on the branches, and causes small red spots 

 on the fruit. It multiplies with marvelous rapidity, there being 

 three or four broods annually, and each mother scale may give 

 birth to several hundred young. The young are born alive, and 

 breeding continues until late autumn, when all stages are killed 

 by the cold weather, except the tiny, half-grown, black scales, many 

 of which hibernate safely. 



Spray thoroughly in the fall after the leaves drop, or early in the 

 spring before growth begins, with lime-sulfur wash, or miscible oil, 

 1 gallon in 10 gallons of water. When badly infested, make two 

 applications, one in the fall and another in the spring. In case 

 of large, old trees, 25 per cent crude oil emulsion should be ap- 

 plied just as the buds are swelling. 



Scale-insects. Various species of small insects inhabiting the young 

 growth of trees, and sometimes the fruit, in one stage character- 



