APPLE INSECTS 309 



lice crawling about on the bark. When these young appear, 

 spray with kerosene emulsion, diluted with 6 parts of water, 

 or whale-oil, or any good soap, 1 pound in 4 or 5 gallons of 

 water. Where trees are regularly sprayed with lime-sulfur as 

 for the San Jose scale or blister mite, the oyster-shell scale is 

 usually controlled. 



SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis furfurus). This whitish, pear-shaped 

 scale, about one-eighth inch in length, often incrusts the bark, 

 giving it a scurfy appearance. It hibernates as purplish eggs 

 under the old scales. 



Treatment. Spray as recommended for OYSTER-SHELL SCALE 

 (p. 308). 



TENT-CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma americana and M. disstria). 

 Larva, nearly two inches long, spotted and striped with yellow, 

 white, and black ; feeding upon the leaves. They congregate in 

 tents or in clusters on the bark at night and in cool weather, and 

 forage out upon the branches during the day. 



Treatment. Arsenicals, as for CODLIN-MOTH (p. 306). Burn 

 out nests with torch, or cut them out and crush the larvae. Pick 

 off egg masses from twigs during winter and spring. 



TUSSOCK-MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) . A handsome, red- 

 headed, yellow and black tufted caterpillar, about an inch long, 

 which devours the leaves and sometimes eats into the fruit. 



Remedial. Collect the frothy egg-masses in fall and winter 

 and band the trees to prevent a reinfestation by migrating cater- 

 pillars. Spray with arsenicals as for codlin-moth, taking care to 

 cover the under side of the leaves. 



TWIG-BORER (Schistoceros hamatus). Beetle, three-eighths inch 

 long, cylindrical and dark brown, boring into twigs of apple, pear, 

 and other trees. The beetle enters just above a bud. 



Treatment. Burn the twigs. The early stages are passed in 

 dying wood such as prunings, diseased canes, and in upturned 

 roots. Burn such rubbish, and thus destroy their breeding- 

 places. This is also a grape pest. 



T WIG-PRUNER ( Elaphidion villosum) . Yellowish white larvse, 

 about a half inch long, boring into young twigs, causing them to 

 die and break off. 



Treatment. Burn the twigs. 



