408 EXHIBITING AND JUDGING LIVE-STOCK 



Boars are always sold in a class by themselves, and bring from $2 

 to $3 per hundredweight less than the best hogs on the market 

 at the same time. They always sell straight, with no dockage. There 

 is no distinction as to grades ; they simply sell as boars. The pork 

 from these animals is used to supply the cheaper class of trade, and also 

 for making sausage. 



Roasting pigs are not generally quoted in market reports. They come 

 to market in small numbers and only during holiday seasons, and their 

 price varies greatly. 



Feeders are hogs bought on the market and taken back to the country 

 to be further fed, a practice which is followed only to a very limited 

 extent. 



Governments are hogs rejected by the government inspector as not 

 sound in every respect. They are usually bought up by a local dealer 

 and taken to one of the smaller packing houses, where they are slaugh- 

 tered under the supervision of an inspector. If found to be affected 

 so as to make their flesh unfit for human food, they are condemned, 

 slaughtered, and tanked. The tank is a large, steam-tight receptacle, 

 like a steam boiler, in which the lard is rendered under steam pressure. 

 This high degree of heat destroys all disease germs with which the 

 diseased carcass may have been affected. The product of the tank is 

 converted into grease and fertilizer. 



The commission men who sell the stock as it comes to the yards, 

 and the speculators who handle part of it, pay nothing for their privi- 

 lege of doing business in the yards. They hold their respective positions 

 by common consent and their respective pens by keeping hogs in them. 

 These hogs are called pen-holders, and have no influence on the market. 



Dead hogs are those killed in the cars in transit. They are used for 

 the manufacture of grease, soap, and fertilizer. 



