TEXAS TICKS 433 



also be avoided, and they should not be driven any considerable dis- 

 tance within a week after dipping, especially in hot weather. If many 

 repeated treatments are given, the cattle should not be treated oftener 

 than every two weeks. 



In addition to protecting vats properly containing arsenical dip when 

 not in use, another precaution must be observed when vats are to be 

 emptied for cleaning. The dip should not be poured or allowed to flow 

 on land and vegetation to which cattle or other animals have access. 

 The best plan is to run the dip in a pit properly protected by fences. 

 The dip should also be deposited where it may be carried by seepage 

 into wells or springs which supply water used on the farm. The same 

 precautions should be observed when animals are sprayed as when 

 they are dipped. 



Method of spraying. 



Spraying is probably the most practicable and convenient way 

 of treating cattle on the majority of farms. A good type of pail 

 spray pump, costing from $5 to $7, will be found to be satisfactory 

 for treating small herds. About fifteen feet of three-eighths-inch 

 high-pressure hose is required, and a type of nozzle furnishing a 

 cone-shaped spray of not too wide an angle will be found satis- 

 factory. A nozzle with a very small aperture should not be used, 

 because the spray produced is too fine to saturate properly the hair 

 and skin of the animals without consuming an unnecessary amount 

 of time. 



The animal to be sprayed should be securely tied to one of the posts 

 of a board or rail fence, or better still, when convenient, to the 

 corner post in an angle of the fence. This will facilitate the spray- 

 ing by preventing the animal from circling about to avoid the treat- 

 ment, and will reduce the amount of help necessary. Every position 

 of the body should be thoroughly treated, special attention being 

 given to the head, dewlap, brisket, inside of elbows, inside of thighs 

 and flanks, the tail, and the depressions at the base of the tail. 

 Crude oil alone may be used, but in general a 20 to 25 per cent 

 emulsion will be found more satisfactory. All the cattle on the 

 place should be sprayed every two weeks with this emulsion. The 

 horses and mules should be kept, free of ticks by picking or other 

 means. 



2P 



