102 TREE-PLANTING. 



consists of evergreens, natives of Europe, Asia, and 

 America, almost all producing large timber abounding 

 in resin. In a natural state they are mostly found 

 growing in great masses, to the exclusion of other 

 trees, but they are made subservient by art, and used 

 as forerunners to broad-leaved varieties of trees, which 

 without their aid, in the first instance, could not be 

 raised in exposed and elevated situations. 



Pines generally flower in May and June, the male 

 and female flowers being on the same tree, the cones 

 ripening at the end of the second year, or eighteen 

 months after the time of flowering. 



The Scotch Pine (P. sylvestris}. The Scotch pine 

 springs naturally in a healthy open soil, grassy or 

 close herbage being opposed to the growth of the 

 young tree, but in moorland with only a short heathy 

 cover the seeds readily vegetate, and establish them- 

 selves firmly in the ground, being seen in their greatest 

 perfection in native forests in the Highlands of Scot- 

 land. Extensive pine forests also abound in a wild 

 state in Russia, Poland, Sweden and Norway, and 

 Germany. There is a striking uniformity in the 

 quality of the timber grown in native forests, it being 

 universally red, hard, and resinous. As no tree has 

 however been transplanted so often to various soils 

 and situations, it has been made to assume a variety 

 of forms and foliage, while the timber has become 

 greatly deteriorated, and is inferior to that found 

 in the best indigenous forests, which in Scotland are 

 considered to be those on the Spey, or Braemar on the 

 Dee, and in Glenmore, Duthil, Rothiemurchus, and 

 along the slopes of the Cairngorm mountains. In 

 these districts trees of great circumference will run up 



