106 TREE-PLANTING. 



elated on account of its rapid growth, which causes 

 the timber to be soft and easily worked. 



The Black Pine of Austria (P.L.Austnaca).This 

 species produces strong resinous timber of good 

 quality, and grows rapidly in soft soils, attaining the 

 height of 100 feet in its native country. The seedlings 

 of this variety should be taken from the seed-bed 

 when a year old, and transplanted into nursery lines, 

 to stand one or two years, according to circumstances 

 and the soil in which they are intended to be planted. 



The Cluster Pine (P. pineaster). This is one of 

 the trees which was introduced into England by 

 Gerrard in the sixteenth century, and is indigenous 

 throughout the south of Europe, and those countries 

 which border on the shores of the Mediterranean, 

 embracing a somewhat wide geographical range. On 

 sands in the vicinity of the sea, it is found to answer 

 well ; a deep, dry, sandy soil being indispensable for 

 its growth, for in a rich or wet soil it does not stand 

 the frosts of winter. It has been very successfully 

 cultivated on poor sandy soils in various parts of the 

 country, particularly in Norfolk, where no other 

 species of trees would become timber. It has also 

 been extensively used in France on drifting sands, 

 to which I have made previous reference, in the 

 creation of thriving forests where once only sandy 

 wastes existed. 



In raising the pineaster from seed, the same 

 plan of procedure should be adopted as that re- 

 commended to be followed in the case of the Scotch 

 fir, covering them over with but half an inch of soil, 

 but removing it early to its final destination, or else 

 transplanting it frequently in the nursery. In a loose 



