CHAPTER III 



CATTLE SHORTHORNS 



General Points of Beef-producing Cattle Historical Sketch of Shorthorns 

 Descent from the Old Teeswater Breed Colour Milking 

 Qualities Charles and Robert Colling Historical Shorthorns 

 The Hiring of Bulls In-and-in Breeding Two great Branches of 

 Shorthorns, "Booth" and "Bates" The Booths and their Cattle 

 Thomas Bates Bates' Bulls and Tribes Comparison of Booth 

 and Bates Cattle Other Early Breeders Recent Breeders. 



T3RITISH Cattle in common with other European cattle 

 fj are scientifically classified under the designation Bos 

 taurus. Some of the old writers use the term " Cattle " l 

 to designate horses also ; and bovine animals are sometimes 

 called "horned cattle," "black cattle," or "neat cattle," 

 although the animals referred to may be polled, of a red or 

 any other colour, and coarsely bred. 



Before describing the distinguishing characteristics of 

 the different breeds, it will be well, in order to avoid repeti- 

 tion, to briefly state the general points applicable to those 

 kept for beef production. 



GENERAL POINTS OF BEEF-PRODUCING CATTLE 

 The masculine or the feminine characteristics naturally 



represented in individual specimens of each sex. 



General appearance stylish, and showing quality ; figure 



compact and well-proportioned, deep, broad, and low-set 



as opposed to being leggy. 



Head broad between the eyes, flat across the crown (with 



N.B. For a list of the various live stock societies, see Appendix D. 



1 As the term " cattle " is only another form of the word " chattel," 

 and like the still older form " capital " meant originally " stock " in general, 

 the older English writers naturally employ it in various senses, some of 

 them applying it specially to horses, and some even making it refer 

 to bees. 



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