56 CATTLE SHORTHORNS 



and flat (abnormally small bone shows tendency to diminished 

 size) ; legs short and well under the body ; hoofs clear and 

 oily looking. 



Hind quarters full and well packed, lengthy from the 

 hook-bones to the .pin-bones (which should be well apart) ; 

 rump wide and even, and the tail-head smooth, not patchy, 

 and no part rising above the back level ; hips smoothly 

 covered, distance from each other to harmonise with other 

 parts ; thighs broad, thick, and well down towards the 

 hocks ; twist or inner thigh full, deep, and plump. 



Ribs thickly fleshed, well sprung (arched), and deep, filling 

 up deficiency behind the shoulder and hollow in front of the 

 hooks, i.e., " well ribbed home." 



Legs straight and short, shanks fine and smooth. 



The lines of the body flowing, not sharp or abrupt, with 

 a general balance of parts to please the eye ; carriage stylish. 



Historical Sketches of Breeds of Cattle mainly valued 

 for Beef Production, together with their character- 

 istic Points and Qualities. (See Appendix E.) 



The Shorthorn is the most widely distributed and 

 numerously represented of all varieties of British cattle, not 

 only in the United Kingdom and her colonies, but also in the 

 United States of America, and in Argentina, where, as in 

 France, it is often called the " Durham " breed. It has 

 among its many good qualities a marvellous power of 

 adaptation to climatic and other local conditions. In con- 

 nection with the general form above described, the following 

 special characteristics are worthy of notice. 



In colour the breed, which is also designated the "red, 

 white, and roan," is represented by roans and reds of various 

 shades, light and dark, and also, by red-and-white as well as 

 wholly white specimens. The last-mentioned and also the 

 light or yellowish-light reds are out of fashion with foreign 

 buyers, who, on account of their numbers, tend to regulate 

 custom in such things. Brindled colours are not seen in pure- 

 bred Shorthorns, and the same may almost be said of black. 

 The skin, including that of the inner ears, is of a creamy- 

 white or yellow colour. The nose, palate, lips, and eyelids 

 should be flesh-coloured, and free from dark markings or 



