208 MILCH CATTLE HOLSTEIN OR DUTCH 



where it is accredited with giving better results than the 

 Shorthorn, except when food is abundant and shelter 

 available. In Europe, it extends from Holland to all parts 

 of Northern Germany. 



Points. "The head of the Holland cow is long and 

 narrow and light, with broad mouth, and horns always 

 pointing forward, their black tips usually being turned 

 upward. The long neck, with but indifferently developed 

 dewlap, frequently shows a slight depression on the ridge ; 

 chest and back are broad, and the line of the back, with 

 rare exceptions, straight to the tail. The body is long, 

 limbs flat and high, hind legs of cows often inclining to be 

 knock-kneed. The most profitable Friesland variety is very 

 heavy, with fine bones, delicate skin, and in colour mostly 

 white with black, grey-blue, grey, or even dark-brown spots. 

 Their live-weight averages 1300 pounds. The efforts to 

 increase the size and beauty of the cattle, which have been 

 quite successful, have resulted in diminishing their milk- 

 giving properties, so that a decrease of 150 litres per year 

 (one litre = one quart) as compared with former estimates, 

 has been established. The average amount of milk now 

 (1888) is about 2700 litres per year, the cows yielding about 

 27 litres per hundredweight of hay-value (sic), these 27 litres 

 making about 2 Ibs. of butter. The cows require plenty of 

 food, but remain lean while giving milk ; but when no longer 

 milking, they fatten quickly." 



Dutch cattle are not admitted into this country unless for 

 immediate slaughter, but herds of excellent milking cattle of 

 pure Dutch origin remain in the possession of the following 

 British breeders, who claim for them superior merits as 

 heavy, rent-paying milkers in competition with our home 

 breeds, while the animals not kept for milking or breeding 

 purposes feed readily into beef of good quality : N. Boxen- 

 dale, Allington Farm, Eastleigh ; John Brown, Marden Farm, 

 Hertford ; Hugh Brown, Colton Mains, Dunfermline ; John 

 Clark, Wamphray, North Berwick ; T. Case, North Elmham, 

 East Derham, Norfolk ; Earl Egerton (John F. Smith, agent), 

 Tatton Park, Knutsford ; Albert Merry, Southcote Farm, 

 Leighton Buzzard ; Rumbal & Sons, dairy farmers, Upper 

 Clapton, London, E. 



The crosses of Dutch cattle with all the common British 

 breed are useful milking or grazing cattle, depending upon 



