236 BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT OF CALVES 



(An 1 8 months' stirk should then weigh probably 7 cwts., 



and be worth, at 305. per cwt., .10, los.) 

 If the price to the feeder be ,10, ios., the profit for 18 

 months to the breeder and grazier would be i, ios., 

 less interest, say ios. = ^i. 



Feeder's price, 7 cwt. at 305. '''*-': . . "". .^10 10 o 



Turnips, f cwt. per day at 4d. 

 Feeding stuffs, say 4^d. 



Straw, hay, attendance, d. 



9! 



1 80 days at 9d. . . . . .. ., - . 6 15 o 



Interest ... . . . _ . ,-050 



j7 I0 

 If fat, a 2-year-old after 6 months' feeding should weigh io 



cwt., and bring 365. per cwt. (an increase of about 2 



Ibs. live-weight per day). 

 Which = say ;i8, ios. od., leaves i for 6 months' feeding. 



By this calculation the breeder and grazier has the animal 

 for 1 8 months at a cost of g y and has 1 for profit and risk. 

 The feeder has the animal for 6 months, spends on it 7, and 

 has also i for profit and risk. 



White scour (associated with Tympanitis or " hoven " 

 from indigestion) often breaks out even in sucking calves, 

 when they begin to eat hay. A young calPs stomach is too 

 small, and it is also in other respects unsuited for digesting 

 such dry food. Green forage or silage, in place of hay, is 

 better ; but when a calf is a few weeks old, hay of fine quality 

 may be used in moderate quantities. In the case of hand- 

 fed calves the milk, on the outbreak of scour, should be given 

 oftener than twice a day. The undigested curd produces a 

 light colour of faeces, the acid in the stomach having expelled 

 the whey, and made the curd hard and cheesy. Remedies. 

 In young calves, diet by feeding often and reducing the 

 quantity of food supplied at each meal, giving boiled starch 

 and less cream if the milk be rich. Administer a stimulant 

 and purgative, such as a mixture of powdered rhubarb and 

 magnesia, 4 drachms, along with 1 5 to 30 grains of ammonium 

 carbonate, two or three times daily in flour gruel. Two to 4 

 oz. of castor oil may at times be substituted for the rhubarb 

 and magnesia ; and, when calves are older, 4 to 6 oz. of Epsom 

 salts, and \ oz. of gentian and ginger powder, may be given. 



A deadly diarrhoea may also be induced if the cows are 



