240 BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT OF CALVES 



in this way the risk of choking from turpentine is reduced 

 to a minimum. Leaflet No. 40 (g.v.) of the Department of 

 Agriculture for Ireland recommends for each calf twice daily 

 1 1 tablespoonfuls of a mixture made up of i drachm oil of 

 cloves, 3 oz. spirits of turpentine, and 24 oz. linseed oil ; but 

 this involves much labour. 



Another effectual remedy is an intratracheal injection 

 consisting of 



Olive Oil, . .100 parts. 

 Pure Carbolic Acid, \ 

 Oil of Turpentine, . I 4 parts of each. 

 Chloroform, . . J 



The sharp point of the syringe is thrust through the skin 

 and the wall of the trachea (windpipe) in the middle of the 

 neck, and I to 2 drachms of the mixture are injected into it. 

 The operation may require to be performed three times, with 

 an interval of three days between two operations. 



The object of the treatment is to kill or paralyse the 

 worms so that they lose their power of adhering to the 

 mucous membrane of the trachea and can be expelled by 

 coughing. If treatment be neglected too long, the worms are 

 liable to form into a ball too large to eject, and the risk of 

 choking the animal becomes imminent. 



Young cattle are particularly liable to ringworm in 

 winter if in poor condition, as imported Irish often are. 

 White scaly patches without hair appear, most abundantly 

 about the head and neck, as the result of the growth of a 

 vegetable parasite, Trichophyton tonsurans, which may be 

 destroyed by the application, once, twice, or three times, 

 according to results, of one or other of the following 

 dressings : Red mercurial blistering ointment made up with 

 a double supply of lard ; paraffin oil ; carbolic oil ; or hot 

 lime made into a thin paste and spread on with a flat-pointed 

 stick. Leaflet No. 45 of the Department of Agriculture for 

 Ireland recommends the application with a stiff brush every 

 second or third day till cured, of a mixture of one pint of 

 train or fish oil and half a pound of sulphur, or a mixture of 

 lard and sulphur. Even treacle smeared carefully over the 

 surfaces of the affected parts has proved successful. The last 

 destroys the organism by excluding the air which is necessary 

 for its existence ; the other substances directly poison it. 



