RINGWORM AND LICE 241 



The inside walls of the cattle-shed and the wood-work with 

 which the animals come in contact must be whitewashed 

 with fresh lime-wash "to which has been added I pint of 

 paraffin per gallon," after an outbreak of ringworm, otherwise 

 the cattle wintered in it the following year will be affected. 

 The organisms producing ringworm also adhere to gates 

 and rubbing-stones in the fields, and are in this way trans- 

 ferred to fresh lots of cattle in succeeding seasons, if preventive 

 means be not taken. When cattle are thriving rapidly on 

 good pasture, the spots disappear to a great extent, but if not 

 treated, spores persist till the following winter and produce a 

 fresh outbreak. Cattle bought in an open market where 

 ringworm is seen, should be washed as a precautionary 

 measure with a solution of carbolic sheep dip. 



Lice of two common species appear on British cattle 

 (i) the large, or broad-bodied, or sucking ox-louse, H&ma- 



FIG. 5. SMALL BITING OX-LOUSE FIG. 6. LARGE SUCKING Ox-LousE 



Trichodectes scalaris Hcematopinus eurysternus 



{After Drawings made by the late Professor A llan Harker, Cirencester.} 



topinus eurysternus^ which lives by piercing the skin and 

 sucking blood ; and (2) the small or biting ox-louse, 

 Trichodectes scalaris, which has biting jaws in place of a 

 sucking mouth, " and feeds on the decaying portions of the 

 cuticle and hairs," and not on blood. Both are insects with 

 six legs, and both do injury by causing irritation, the suck- 

 ing one to the greater degree. If cattle of any age be 



