WARBLE OR BOT FLY 261 



and cannula to relieve the tympanitis, and give a strong 

 purgative of Epsom salts followed by stimulants." 



Yew trees and fences should be railed off, and at such a 

 distance that stock cannot reach them. The young shoots 

 are the most dangerous, and in the semi-dried condition ; 

 therefore care should also be taken that the clippings from 

 yews are not thrown on rubbish heaps to which stock have 

 access. 



Laburnum seeds, picked up usually in the pods that fall 

 on the ground, produce paralysis of the hind limbs, great 

 constipation, coma, and death. Treatment. " Rub the legs 

 and spine with a stimulating liniment, and give purgatives 

 and stimulants." 



Mustard is at times present as an impurity in Indian 

 rape cake, and acts as an acute irritant to the bowels. The 

 low-priced Indian pulses and other seeds would be in much 

 greater repute among cowkeepers but for the impurities, 

 which make the food too hot or irritating for the animals. 



Bites from vipers cause swelling of the tongue, and this 

 swelling may be sufficient to produce a fatal result from 

 asphyxia. 



The Warble Fly or Bot Fly, Hypoderma bovis, de Geer, 

 is the source of great discomfort to cattle, and of enormous 

 annual loss, estimated at millions of pounds, to the farmers 

 of this country. Miss E. A. Ormerod, who so ably brought 

 its evil consequences and the means of prevention before the 

 British public, says : 



" It is a two-winged fly, upwards of half-an-inch in length, 

 so banded and marked with differently coloured hair as to be 



2 13 



FIG. 8. i. Ox WARBLE FLY ; 2. MAGGOT ; 3. CHRYSALIS. 

 (After drawings by Miss Ormerod.) 



not unlike a humble bee. The face is yellowish ; the body, 

 between the wings, yellowish before and black behind ; and the 

 abdomen whitish at the base, black in the middle, and orange 



