270 



HOUSE-FEEDING OF CATTLE 



supervenes ; and the opening into the frontal sinuses made by 

 cutting into the hollow base of the horn-core is closed by 

 clotted blood, and the wound heals and skins over in a few 

 days. When the work is properly and skilfully executed, the 



FIG. 10. Skull and Horn of an Ox, to illustrate the operations of 

 "Dishorning," "Half-horning," and "Tipping." 



exhibiting a triangular section of the Frontal Bone excised to show the 

 bony structure behind; the Right Horn removed as it ought to be, in Dishorning; 

 and the Left Horn bisected to show its internal parts. 



Fig. 1. 1. Blood-vessels ; 2. Cut made in " Half-horning " ; 3. Cut made in " Dis- 

 horning"; 4. Bony Walls of Frontal Sinuses; 5. Position of Spinal Column; 0. Skin; 

 7. Part from which the Right Horn has been excise!; 8. Frontal Bone (Forehead); 9. Orbit 

 of Right Eye; 10. Orbit of Left Bye; 11. Brain Cavity (2 inches in this case from the 

 Wound made in Dishorning); 12. Frontal Sinuses (or Cavities in the Skull containing air, and 

 opening into the Nasal Cavity); 18. Region where the Trunk Nerve and the two main 

 branches of the Artery enter for the supply of the Horn ; 14. Bony Horn-core (insensitive 

 when healthy, but extremely painful when diseased or congested) ; 15. Corium, a sensitive 

 membrane, corresponding to the true skin ; 16. Insensitive Horn ; 17. Cut made in " Tip- 

 ping." Fig. 2. Section made by "Dishorning." 1. Bone; 2. Sinus; 3. Skin. Fig. 3. 

 Section made by "Half-horning." Fig. 4. Section made by "Tipping." 1. Horn; 

 2. Corium; 8. Bony Horn-core. 



* After a drawing by C. Ward, M.R.C.V.S., ma le under the direction of Prof. W. O. Williams. 



pain and bleeding are reduced to a minimum, the gain to the 

 owner is distinctly appreciable, and the reduction of the 

 sufferings of the animals from the savage dispositions of 

 the stronger among them is enormous. It was estimated 



