304 



DAIRYING PASTURE AND FOOD 



Winter Catch Crops and Fallow Root, Green, and Forage Crops 

 after a Grain Crop. in the Regular Rotation. 



5 ac. cleaning for mangels to be 

 sown next spring. 



10 trifolium and vetches. 

 10 rye 



20 Total catch crops. 



IO ac. roots (5 ac. mangels and 5 



ac. swedes). 

 6 cabbages. 

 8J vetches and rape. 



25 Total. 



The above totals make 45 acres of root and forage crops, including catch 

 crops, but 46^ acres are required, and can be made up by taking a second cut 

 from 5 acres of "seeds" lands, which is an equivalent of i acres of vetches. 

 A second cut of " seeds " should give 3 tons of green food per acre, or one- 

 third of a good vetch crop. 



Winter dairying, with the exception of the special 

 object of milk-supply, is little practised in this country. 

 One of the great causes which have led to the ever-increasing 

 importation of butter into England is the reluctance of 

 dairy-farmers to change their system of management in 

 accordance with the change in the tastes and requirements 

 of consumers. Fresh butter is needed not only during 

 summer, but throughout the year, in large and uniform 

 quantities. For two conspicuous reasons the British butter- 

 makers are unable to compete with foreigners ist, a steady 

 supply is not to be had all the year round, because the 

 great bulk of home-made butter is produced during the 

 months when grass is abundant, and when it is supposed 

 that butter can be made at a minimum cost ; and 2nd, there 

 is no means of securing those large uniform quantities that 

 alone can find a place in the great market centres. British 

 dealers found a difficulty in securing from the Continent a 

 supply sufficient to meet the vast increase in the demand for 

 butter ; and after a vain effort had been made to awaken the 

 farmers of this country to the fact that a large extension of 

 winter-dairying was the only means left to save them from a 

 still keener competition, attention was turned to our 

 Australasian colonies. So in iSQi, 1 Andrew Clement, of 

 Glasgow, the largest wholesale dealer in dairy produce in 

 Scotland, was forced in the interests of the trade to pay a 

 visit of inspection to Australia and New Zealand, with the 



1 In 1891, the amount of foreign dairy-produce imported was valued 

 at over ,14,000,000. (See also Table I., page 690.) 



