3H DAIRYING PASTURE AND FOOD 



weak and emaciated as the ailment develops. In the 

 advanced stage of intestinal tubercle there is diarrhoea 

 associated with emaciation, and, when the disease is located 

 in the udder, there is a hard, swollen, painless condition of 

 the affected quarter (usually a posterior quarter) and the 

 lymphatic glands above are increased in size and are hard, 

 though painless. The milk from a tuberculous udder is at 

 first normal in quantity and quality, but it soon becomes thin 

 and watery, though the quantity may not be much diminished. 

 Tuberculosis is not now believed to be hereditary ; although 

 a tendency to take it is readily communicated by parent 

 to offspring. In a considerable area of the Fens of Lincoln 

 and Cambridge shires it is acknowledged that locally induced 

 tuberculosis is practically unknown in either medical or 

 veterinary practice, but actinomycosis is very prevalent 

 among cattle, and cancer is extraordinarily prevalent among 

 human beings. Too little is yet known about these insidious 

 diseases to permit of inferences being drawn from the bald facts. 

 Contributing 1 causes to the admission of the organism in 

 sufficient numbers to establish a colony and produce the 

 disease are : (a) Hereditary weakness of constitution, very 

 often due to intense consanguineous breeding as in the case 

 of the Chartley Park Wild White Cattle, and the in-bred Bates' 

 Duchesses, which in America have long been extinct in the 

 pure line of descent ; () dark and insanitary byres ; and 

 (c) bad ventilation, and the inhalation by healthy cows of the 

 breath of those who have contracted the disease in their 

 lungs. The calves of tuberculous cows can be brought up 

 quite healthy, if kept away from their own mothers and reared 

 on sound foster-mothers, or even if fed on the milk of tuber- 

 culous cows, if it be first raised to a temperature of 160 F. 

 Sunlight and low temperatures are inimical to the bacillus, 

 hence the success of the open-air treatment of human 

 patients in the sunny high mountainous districts. All " piners " 

 should be immediately removed from the herd. The 

 tuberculine test, although not infallible, has proved useful as 

 a means by which to detect the disease. All animals reacting 

 should be drafted from the herd and kept apart, and no 

 animals which react should be admitted. 



" Tuberculine is described as a simple glycerine extract of 

 the cultures of the bacilli of tuberculosis, cultures which have 



