322 DAIRYING COWS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 



inserted into the teats. This self-acting cow-milker affords 

 relief to an animal suffering from galled teats or a swollen 

 udder, and ought to be more extensively employed in this 

 connection, but it is of no practical utility except as a 

 temporary remedy. The insertion of syphons into the teats 

 except under antiseptic conditions is always liable to induce 

 mammitis. 



In the second class of milker, suction is adopted, in 

 imitation of the natural action of the calf, through the 

 creation of a vacuum by means of an exhaust pump. 



The Lawrence-Kennedy " Universal " Milking Machine 1 

 is pronounced to be a practical success by people who are 



best able to judge, viz., men 

 and their wives who live by 

 dairying and attend personally 

 to the work, and who have 

 fitted up the apparatus at their 

 own cost Quite a number of 

 those who speak highly of it 

 had unsatisfactory experience 

 of the " Thistle " and Murch- 

 land's machines. The milker 

 shown in Plate LXXVIU. is 

 now declared by them to extract 

 more milk than hand-milking 

 FIG. 1 6. MILK-PAIL, PULSATOR, FOUR such as they can command, 



and to exercise no evil effects 



upon the cattle, which with rare exceptions stand quietly and 

 show evidence of contentment while the milking goes on. 



The machine consists of a specially constructed and 

 hermetically sealed milk-pail, supporting a pulsator, in which 

 there is a right- and a left-hand cylinder with piston, which 

 work alternately and produce the intermittent action or 

 pulsation. Each pail, large enough to hold the milk of two 

 cows which are operated on at one time, has two sets 

 of flexible connections which lead to the cows, and are each 

 terminated by four teat-caps. By another flexible connection 

 the exterior of the milking pail is put in communication with a 

 vacuum pipe extending through the byre above the heads of 

 the cows. This is connected with an air exhauster which 

 1 Made by P. R. Fleming & Co., 16 Graham Square, Glasgow. 



