348 DAIRYING COWS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 



the hind pasterns and at the root of the tail. The hair is 

 liable to be rubbed off the itchy parts and red and yellow 

 scurf appear on the skin. Animals in low condition from 

 milking heavily or from the presence of a lingering disease 

 like tuberculosis, are most susceptible. Fat cows and 

 those thriving quickly on fresh grass in spring so reduce 

 the attack that it may not be observable ; but unless they are 

 thoroughly cleaned they harbour a sufficient number of the 

 parasites to account for the reappearance of the affection in 

 autumn when the cattle are housed. 



Sarcoptic mange of cattle affects the same parts as the 

 other forms of mange, but readily spreads more widely and 

 has a much more pronounced action on the skin, which 

 becomes thickened, cracked, and wrinkled. 



Treatment. The affected parts should be clipped, the hair 

 burnt, and the skin thoroughly disinfected. " The animal should 

 then be well rubbed all over with soft soap, to which a small 

 quantity of creolin may be added," followed after a lapse 

 of several hours by a thorough dressing with one or other 

 of the following preparations : (i) Oil of tar, one part ; linseed 

 oil, twenty parts, with as much flowers of sulphur as the 

 mixture will incorporate, heated gradually to near the boiling 

 point, and, when cooled, rubbed well into the skin, there to 

 remain for some days before being washed off and another 

 dressing put on ; (2) Helmerich's pomade, consisting of sub- 

 limed sulphur 200, potassium carbonate 100, and lard 800, 

 applied as described, but not smeared over too great a surface 

 of the skin at one time to avoid suppressing its functions ; (3) 

 Creosote 10 parts, alcohol 10 parts, with 25 parts of water, or 

 creosote I part, and vegetable oil 30 parts ; (4) Zundel's 

 formula = crude carbolic acid or creolin 53 oz., quick lime 36 

 oz., carbonate of soda 107 oz., soft soap 107 oz. dissolved in 57 

 gallons of hot water (coal oil and benzene, although effective, 

 often produce persistent skin irritation) ; (5) kerosene 

 emulsion, consisting of hard soap \ lb., water I gal., kerosene 

 2 gals. the oil and soap put in when the water boils, and 

 constantly stirred till cool, and then dissolved in 60 gallons of 

 hot water. Extracted from the Report on Mange, of J. G. 

 Rutherford, Vet. Director-General, Ottawa, June 1904. 



The stalls and all surfaces that the affected cattle touch 

 require to be thoroughly disinfected. 



