368 PIGS 



especially about the limbs, a narrow forehead or dished nose ; 

 thick, coarse, or prick ears ; curly or coarse coat, resulting in 

 black hair-roots being seen in the belly flesh, or bristly mane ; 

 and any other colour than black. A tendency to a red hue 

 on the thinner skin, as about the roots of the ears, is not 

 wanted. Large Black pigs are docile in disposition, very 

 active, and specially adapted to field grazing. The large 

 ears keep them from seeing things at a distance. Twenty 

 years before the society for the breed was formed, many 

 Large Blacks were permitted to grow to maturity and fed to 

 enormous weight, forty score and upwards ; but, to meet the 

 requirements of modern times, they are killed at an early age 

 and yield a long deep-sided carcase, rich in lean flesh, light in 

 the shoulder, jowl, and offal; weighing 160 Ibs. to 190 Ibs. 

 dead-weight The sows are good milkers and very prolific, 

 producing ten to sixteen young at a litter. Large Blacks are 

 peculiarly well suited to warm countries, and they have 

 already been exported to Australasia, Russia, Canada, 

 Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, 

 Denmark, France, Jamaica, British Guiana, the Transvaal, 

 Orange River Colony, and Argentina. 



The Berkshire is black, with a pinkish skin ; a little 

 white on the nose, the forehead, feet, and the tip of the 

 tail. In size it is intermediate. 



The following is a scale of points which may be taken 

 as a type of the scales applicable to the leading British 

 breeds : Colour, as above stated, 10; head, moderately short, 

 vwide between the ears, 4 ; ears, thin, pricked, and fringed 

 with fine hair, 3 ; jowl, small and light, 2 ; neck, long and 

 muscular, 3 ; chest, wide and well let down, 5 ; shoulders, 

 oblique and level on top, 4 ; girth, around the heart, 4 ; back, 

 long and straight, 5 ; sides, deep, 5 ; ribs, well sprung, 4 ; loins, 

 strong, not drooping, 2 ; belly, full and thick, with at least 

 12 teats, 3 ; flank, thick and well let down, 2 ; quarters, long 

 and wide from hip to tail, 6; hams, broad, full, and meaty 

 to the hock, 8 ; tail, set high, not coarse, 2 ; legs, straight 

 and with flinty flat bone, 5 ; ankles, strong and compact, 3 ; 

 pasterns, short and yet springy, 3 ; feet, firm and strong, 2 ; 

 evenness, freedom from wrinkles on skin, 14; coat, fine and 

 > 3 5 action, strong, 4 ; symmetry, general style and 



