400 



THE HORSE 



The occipital crest is the crown of the head, and the poll im- 

 mediately behind it on the neck ; the crest, the arch of the neck ; 

 and \h& jugular or cervical grooves (one on each side), the troughs 

 running parallel to the windpipe. The breast is the forward 

 part of the chest bounded by the humerus on each side and an 

 imaginary line drawn across from the shoulder points. The 

 chest is, properly, the cavity containing the lungs and heart, 

 separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. The collar 

 groove, which should be hardly recognisable in saddle-horses, 

 is the hollow on each side marking the dividing line in 

 harness and heavy-draught horses between the front of the 

 shoulder and its junction with the neck. The forearm is the 

 part of the fore limb between the knee and the point of the 



FIG. 24, HEALTHY LEG. A, SIDE-BONE (BEHIND) AND RING- 

 BONE B, SPLINT. After Megnin. 



elbow which is located below a prominent lump of muscle at 

 the bottom of the shoulder. The forehand is the anterior 

 end of the horse in front of the rider. The pisiform bone 

 forms the lump behind the knee joint. The shank, consisting 

 of the cannon bone and the outside and the inside splint bones 

 between the knee and the fetlock, has a fibrous cord called 

 the back tendon or sinew behind it. To be " tied in " below 

 the knee or the hock is a serious defect ; knees and hocks 

 cannot be too large, if they be well formed and the 

 bones clean. Side bone is the result of the ossification 

 of cartilage, and its seat is confined to the coffin bone, or 



