ALTERATIVE MEDICINES AND WATER 507 



cleared away. Horses that have grazed during the summer 

 invariably pick up internal parasites, and a course of treat- 

 ment on going into the stable to dry food is necessary. To 

 destroy round or thread worms in the stomach or intestines, 

 a horse, after fasting for twelve hours, should have a powder 

 containing I dram santonine, 2 drams areca nut, and 2 drams 

 nux vomica, to be followed, after preparation for twenty- 

 four hours with cold bran mashes, by an aloes ball for a 

 roadster of 15 h., 6 drams; of 15.2 to 16 h., J drams; and 

 for a heavy draught horse, 8 drams. (See p. 5 1 8.) 



Tapeworm is difficult to dislodge, but it is not the cause 

 of inconvenience to its equine host. If its presence is 

 suspected, it may succumb to a course of daily I dram doses 

 of desiccated sulphate of iron powders for a month, given in 

 oats and bran ; with once a week 2 oz. of turpentine, and 2 

 drams of the extract of male fern soaked in dry oatmeal, 

 and administered in a drench of cold water, or in a pint of 

 raw (unboiled) linseed oil. At times the bran preparation 

 alone is sufficient to restore a horse to its natural state of 

 health. One of the safest, most simple, and effective purgative 

 drenches for a horse is I or 2 quarts of fresh yeast or barm. 



Water which is not very hard should be given in a pure 

 and fresh condition, though not below 55 R, when an animal 

 returns from work. Water taken before feeding encourages 

 eating, and prevents colic, which is brought on by giving it 

 after, and washing the undigested food from the stomach into 

 the bowels. The practice of giving dry food before an animal 

 has quenched its thirst, after exhausting work, is not to be 

 recommended, although the animal system accommodates 

 itself to this unnatural state of things, and the results are 

 not, when it is regularly practised, so bad as might be 

 expected. It is, moreover, safer to give water in moderate 

 quantity to an animal just off a journey, if not over-heated, 

 than after he has been allowed to stand till he is cold and 

 the circulation has become less active. Horses that are at 

 rest in the stable do best if pure water is left within their 

 reach at all times. 



The hygienic stall fittings illustrated on p. 508, intro- 

 duced by A. C. Mundt, 102 Fenchurch Street, London, E.G., 

 by which water can be laid on for the free use of horses, cattle, 

 or other animals, are supplied in sections, (i) the water- 



