THREE CESTODE WORMS 663 



Trichocephalus affim's, or whip worm, and Strongylus filaria y 

 one of the worms which cause hoose in sheep. They pro- 

 duce a diarrhoea which, if not treated, often proves fatal. 

 The faeces are of a brownish colour and very liquid, and 

 emaciation is extreme. A common treatment is to give 

 turpentine followed by tonics, sulphate of iron, and powdered 

 gentian root, a teaspoonful of each ingredient to each sheep in 

 their trough food." (See also Cooper's remedy on page 608.) 



A sheep is very easily choked, and turpentine is one of 

 the most dangerous drugs to administer, not only from its 

 highly irritating and searching nature (liable to cause death 

 by spasmodic closing of the mouth of the windpipe should it 

 enter), but from the fact that it will hardly mix with any 

 ordinary drench. The administration must be made with 

 great care. To ensure safety, the turpentine (J to J oz.) 

 should be thoroughly soaked into a little dry meal, and this 

 again mixed with cold gruel, oil, or even water. 



Should scour be the result of an overfeed of succulent 

 grass, or be due to a sudden change of green food, the 

 primary purgative and the secondary astringent action of the 

 turpentine is generally what is wanted. Laxity of the 

 bowels, when there is no positive derangement of system, is 

 easily remedied by giving concentrated dry food, as cakes 

 and meal, or a run on a sainfoin ley. 



One stage of the development of Tcenia ccenurus, the tape- 

 worm of the dog and fox, is passed in the brains of sheep, 

 causing gid or sturdy. " The segments are evacuated by 

 dogs on the pastures, and the eggs, picked up by sheep while 

 grazing, are hatched in the stomach. The embryos make 

 their way by the blood stream to the brain, where they form 

 cysts, which gradually enlarge." The remedies are of more 

 consequence to farmers who keep lean stock, and to ram- 

 breeders, than to those who can send without much loss an 

 affected animal directly to the fat market. A ram that has 

 been cured of sturdy is none the worse afterwards for breed- 

 ing purposes. The seat of disease is on the surface of the 

 brain, at its base, or, in the Author's experience, most fre- 

 quently in the lateral ventricles. These cavities are situated 

 one on each side of the forward brain, and there a cyst, or 

 in common language, a " water-bag " containing many young 

 tape-worms, develops. This presses against the brain, caus- 



