REFRIGERATION IN THE DAIRY 691 



was the prime difficulty with butter-makers before the present 

 decade began, but within that period it has been recognised 

 m every country where butter and cheese are made that the 

 effect of cold, produced either by ice or refrigerating machinery 

 is the most important factor in the manufacture of dairy 

 produce. In place of the slow processes which depended 

 upon hand labour, we have beautifully designed mechanical 

 appliances, which enable the work of butter- and cheese-making 

 to be conducted in the most profitable way. The bye-products 

 are utilised instead of being wasted, and therefore the utmost 

 possible is made of the raw material. 



There are three distinct classes of dairying which may 

 be specially referred to: (i) Butter-making in the creamery. 

 (2) The supplying of milk for domestic use. (3) Cheese- 

 making. 



Butter-making: in the creamery is a comparatively 

 modern idea, and enables the dairy-farmer who is remote 

 from large centres of population, and is thus debarred from 

 selling milk for household use, to secure a speedy cash return 

 His manner of doing it will be best understood if we describe 

 the construction of a creamery, and then note the daily 

 operations. * 



A creamery may be very simply built, if corrugated iron 

 be used for the walls and roof. There are four different 

 departments, viz. -. 



(a) The receiving platform, from whence a pipe is led to the 

 separator room. 0) The separator room, where the actual 

 work of the factory takes place. (,) A boiler and engine 

 room and coal store, where steam is generated and power 

 produced (d) A delivery shed, where the separated milk 

 is weighed out to farmers. 



This arrangement is capable of many variations, but in 



he mam will be found a very suitable one. The first thing 



to provide _ is perfect drainage, and the surroundings should 



>e : h yg ,en,cally clean. A plentiful water supply i s absolutely 



indispensable. It is always well to fix the site for the 



creamery on a clear piece of land so that there will be room 



- a free passage-way right round the building, and so 



arranged that when the carts have delivered the milk at the 



receiving platform, they may at once proceed to the separated- 



milk dehvery shed without obstructing the roadway This 



