JUST-HATMAKER'S MILK DRIERS 699 



amount of butter-fat I have yet found in a separated milk.' 

 Over 200,000 " Alfa-laval" separators had been sold by 1900, 

 400,000 by 1904, and 550,000 by the early part of 1906 ; when 

 the machine had been awarded upwards of 700 prizes. The 

 " Maidstone Royal " machine, easily worked by hand by a 

 dairymaid, with a separation capacity of 45 gallons of milk 

 per hour, then cost 13. Fifteen years before, a 13-gallon 

 separator cost 45. The last improvements have reduced 

 the driving power, and to some extent the cost : for example, 

 the "new model" 35-gallon size runs lighter than the former 

 i8-gallon size, and the 9O-gallon "new model" requires only 

 two-thirds of the force needed by the older 66-gallon size. 

 The Alfa-laval of to-day is capable of separating the cream 

 from the milk at any temperature up to boiling-point, while 

 the cream can be regulated to any thickness at any tempera- 

 ture. In this way both milk and cream are pasteurised, 

 separated, and cooled at one operation with the combined 

 use of Laval pasteuriser, separator, and cooler. 



By passing new milk to be consumed as whole milk 

 through the separator, even without heating, it is freed from 

 disease germs and other impurities which are held by the 

 slime which settles inside the bowl. The cream and separated 

 milk can be thoroughly mixed immediately after the operation. 

 If milk-consumers who are afraid of the germs of tuberculosis 

 and other pathogenic germs were to realise this fact, the 

 success of the Laval separator would be even greater than 

 it is. 



There are many varieties of centrifugal separators used 

 in this country, but all follow the Alfa-laval by using discs of 

 one sort or another to divide the milk into thin layers to 

 facilitate the separation of the cream. The chief competitors 

 of the Laval are, the Astra, a German machine ; the Melotte, 

 a French invention; the Princess, made by Watson, Laidlaw, 

 & Co., Glasgow ; the Wolsey, a Peftrsen machine, made in 

 Birmingham ; the old Alexandria, a Danish machine ; the 

 Perfect, a Swedish machine ; and others. 



The Just-Hatmaker process of drying milk has solved 

 the difficulty of what to do with separated milk at creameries, 

 or with large quantities of full milk for which there is not a 

 remunerative outlet. Although much inferior, unattractive, 

 and even unwholesome milk-powder has found its way into 



