Contents 



XI 



CHAPTER IX 



FOREST UTILIZATION 



For construction timbers, 207 fence posts and rails, 

 208 railroad ties, 209 implement parts, 210 fire- 

 wood, 211 logging, 213 felling, 213 dividing the 

 logs, 215 skidding, 216 hauling, 218 the chief 

 uses of our common woods, 219 



206-224 



CHAPTER X 

 BY-PRODUCTS OF THE NORTHERN WOODLOT . . . 225-237 



Maple sirup and sugar, 225 the sugar maple, 226 

 season, 227 equipment, 228 tapping the trees, 229 

 collecting sap, 230 boiling the sap, 230 making 

 sirup, 230 sugaring-off, 232 yield per tree, 233 

 effect on tree, 233 wintergreen oil from black birch, 

 235 tanning materials, 235 specifications of extract 

 wood, 237 



CHAPTER XI 

 THE DURABILITY AND PRESERVATION OF WOODS . . 238-258 



Factors influencing durability, 239 naturally dura- 

 ble woods, 241 substitutes, 242 cause of rot, 243 

 method of seasoning logs and timber, 245 seasoning 

 lumber, 245 coating of timbers, 246 coal tar, 247 

 oil paint, 247 lime whitewash, 247 charring, 248 

 general rules on preserving timbers, 248 preserving 

 materials, 250 brush method, 250 dipping, 251 

 open-tank treatment, 252 



CHAPTER XII 

 ARBORICULTURE AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTING . . . 259-276 



Selection of ornamental trees, 259 transplanting 

 large trees, 263 pruning, 266 to improve shape of 

 tree, 267 how to prune, 269 table of ornamental 

 trees, 270 



