Forest Protection 163 



stock than the grass in the woods can carry ; nor to turn 

 them in before the grass has started; nor to keep them 

 there when the grass is old and tough. If these rules are 

 not followed carefully, the cattle will be forced by hunger 

 to browse, and on account of their height and weight can 



FIG. 47. Damage done by cattle to oak sprouts. ' 



do a great deal of damage. Cattle browse only on the 

 broad-leaved species, but may damage coniferous seedlings 

 by trampling them. 



Goats do not need the incentive of hunger to make them 

 browse. They prefer the shoots of the trees to grass, 

 and eat conifers as well as deciduous trees. By standing 



