6 



SEEDING AND PLANTING 



first occupied by aspen and birch, and that large burns in the 

 Engelmann spruce region of Colorado are first overgrown with 

 aspen. Later on the seed from the surrounding conifers is 

 gradually brought into the stand of birch or aspen and in time 



FIG. 4. Incomplete natural reproduction after lumbering and fire. 

 Ashford, Washington. 



th^l again become the dominant trees. Wherever the natural 

 forest is disturbed by the making of large openings, whether 

 they be made by lumbering, fire, wind or other agencies, nature's 

 method of restocking is very slow. Often the process is so re- 

 tarded that it becomes necessary to restock by artificial means, 

 i.e., by seeding or planting. From the earliest practice in silvi- 

 culture, the attention of foresters has been turned toward the de- 

 velopment of methods whereby denuded lands and large openings 

 made in the forest may be quickly restocked with desirable species. 



6. ORIGIN OF THE CROP 



The crop may arise from one or more of the following sources: 



a. Seed. d. Suckers. 



b. Stool shoots. e. Root cuttings. 



c. Layers. /. Shoot cuttings. 



