CONTENTS Xlll 



CHAPTER X 

 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF SEEDING AND PLANTING SITES 



ARTICLE PAGE 



1. Treatment of the Soil " 188 



2. The Reclamation of the Soil 188 



3. Excess of Soil Moisture 189 



4. Aridity 189 



5. Impervious Subsoil 190 



6. Excess of Organic Matter 191 



7. Soil Instability 191 



8. Overcoming Soil Instability on Slopes 192 



9. Overcoming Soil Instability of Dunes. . .' 193 



10. Wandering Dunes 194 



11. Fixed Dunes 194 



12. Artificial Regeneration in Dune Regions 195 



13. Cutting off the Supply of Sand and Temporarily 



Holding the Soil in Place 195 



14. Establishing the Forest 198 



15. The Tillage of the Soil 198 



16. Deep Tillage 200 



17. Shallow Tillage 202 



18. Treatment of the Vegetation 203 



19. Treatment of Recently Cut Areas 203 



20. Treatment of Areas Covered with Herbaceous Vegetation 204 



21. Treatment of Areas Covered with Shrubby Vegetation 205 



22. Treatment of Areas Covered with an Overwood 206 



CHAPTER XI 

 ESTABLISHING FORESTS BY DIRECT SEEDING 



1 . General Considerations 207 



2. Methods of Direct Seeding 210 



3. Full Seeding 210 



4. Amount of Seed Required 211 



5. Irregularity in Field Germination 213 



6. The Cost in Full Seeding 213 



7. Scattering the Seed 213 



8. Partial Seeding 216 



9. Methods of Partial Seeding 217 



10. Seeding in Strips 218 



11. Seeding in Lines 218 



12. The Cost of Strip and Line Seeding 219 



13. Seeding in Spots 220 



14. Large Seed Spots 221 



15. Small Seed Spots 222 



16. The Cost of Seeding in Spots. * 227 



17. Dibbling or Seeding in Holes 228 



18. Sowing in Pits and on Mounds 229 



