SELLINGLUMBER 443 



,. The contrast in color between summer wood -and spring 

 wood shall be sharp and the summer wood shall be dark in 

 color, except in pieces having considerably above the minimum 

 requirement for summer wood. 



In cases where timbers do not contain the pith, and it is 

 impossible to locate it with any degree of accuracy, the same 

 inspection shall be made over 3 inches on an approximate radial 

 line beginning at the edge nearest the pith in timbers over 3 

 inches in thickness and on the second inch (on the piece) near- 

 est to the pith in timbers 3 inches or less in thickness. 



In dimension material containing the pith but not a 5-inch 

 radial line, which is less than 2x8 inches in section or less than 

 8 inches in width, that does not show over 16 square inches on 

 the cross-section, the inspection shall apply to the second inch 

 from the pith. In larger material that does not show a 5-inch 

 radial line the inspection shall apply to the three inches farthest 

 from the pith. 



The radial line chosen shall be representative. In case of 

 disagreement between purchaser and seller the average sum- 

 mer wood and number of rings shall be the average of the 

 two radial lines chosen. 



(b) Sound Southern Yellow Pine shall include pieces of 

 Southern pine without any ring or summer wood requirement. 



STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOUTHERN YEL- 

 LOW PINE BRIDGE AND TRESTLE TIMBERS.* f 

 (To Be Applied to Single Sticks and Not to Composite 



Members). 



General Requirements. 



1. Except as noted, all timber shall be sound, sawed to 

 standard size, square cornered and straight; close grained and 

 free from defects such as injurious ring shakes and cross grain, 



*Adopted, Vol. 10, Part 1, 1909, pp. 537, 539-541, 598-603; 

 Vol. 11, 1910, Part 1, pp. 176, 180, 181, 228-230. Proc. Am. Ry. 

 Eng. Ass. 



fThese specifications are reprinted from the Manual of 

 the American Railway Engineering Association with permis- 

 sion. The terms "Longleaf ' and "Shortleaf" have been changed 

 to read "Dense" and "Sound," respectively. 



