42 JOSEPH U. Y ARE ROUGH 



TABLE XVIII 

 Animals Trials No. of Turns to Pain 



35 772 103 



37 1196 102 



38 787 H5 



39 817 108 



40 429 98 



41 840 04 

 43 578 91 



45 651 104 



46 679 93 



47 394 88 



48 652 94 



49 585 96 



50 654 9i 



51 614 98 



52 768 107 



Average 694.4 98.8 



lem. The larger number of compartments greatly increased the 

 number of turns and the distance to be traversed in ecah trial, 

 thereby causing confusion. The records show a small number 

 of instances where an animal, after having run the maze for 

 several hundred times, became lost and ran back and forth 

 through three to five adjacent compartments several times before 

 he proceeded to the food-box. 2) With the short box the trials 

 were more frequent than with the long one. It took less than 

 half the time to run the smaller maze; thus, the trials could be 

 given twice as frequently. 3) The getting of food was delayed 

 by the long runways of the larger box. The influence of delay- 

 ing food, the apparent motive for the animal's effort, is not 

 known, but we are of the opinion that it was an important fac- 

 tor with our animals. 



Although the number of trials was reduced when the shorter 

 box was used there was really no difference in the rate of learn- 

 ing between the two groups after learning once began. A study 

 of the learning curves in Fig. 10 confirms the accuracy of this 

 statement. In constructing these curves only the last 500 trials 

 for each animal were used. This was done for two reasons: 

 i) All observable learning is included in this period. 2) It per- 



