ILLUSTRATIONS. 



FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY E. HEYN, H. v. KONIGSBRUNN, E. v. RANSONNET, 

 J. SEELOS, F. TEUCHMANN, 0. WINKLER, AND OTHERS. 



Page 



Seedlings with Cotyledons and Foliage-leaves, - 9 

 Metamorphoses of Leaves as exhibited by the Poppy, 11 



Goethe's "Urpflanze", 12 



Vegetable Cells, - - 22 



Protoplasm inclosed in Cells, - - - -25 

 Cell-chambers, showing Intercellular Spaces and 



Intercellular Substance, - - - - 27 



Swimming Protoplasm, 29 



Pulsating Vacuoles in the Protoplasm of the large 



Swarm-spores of Ulothrix, - - - 31 



Creeping Protoplasm, 32 



Connecting Passages between adjacent Cell-cavities, 45 

 Linaria Cymbalaria dropping its Seeds into Clefts 



in the Rocks, 53 



Absorptive Cells on Root of Penstemon, - 87 



Centrifugal and Centripetal Transmission of Water, 94 

 Irrigation of Rain-water in Plants, - - - 97 

 Aerial Roots of a Tropical Orchid assuming the 



form of straps, 107 



Transverse section through absorption-roots of 



Saprophytes, 115 



Bladderworts, .... - 120 



Traps of Utricularia neglecta, - - 121 

 Spinous Structures in the Pitfalls of Carnivorous 



Plants, - - 124 



Sarracenia purpurea, - - 125 



Ascidia-bearing and Pitcher- plants, - - - 127 

 Cephalotus fotticularis, - - - - 131 



Young Nepenthes plants, - - 132 



Nepenthes destittatoria, 133 



Glandular structures in the Toothwort, Bartsia, 



and Butterwort, - - - 137 



Tentacles on leaf of Sun-dew, - - - - 145 

 Venus's Fly-trap (Dioncea muscipula), - - 148 

 Capturing apparatus of the leaves of Aldro- 



vandia and Venus's Fly-trap, ... 150 



Aldrovandia vesiculosa, 151 



The Fly-catcher (DrosopJiyllum lusitanicum), - 155 

 Lonicera ciliosa in South Carolina, - - - 160 

 Hyphae of Parasitic Fungi, - - - - 165 

 Parasites on Hydrophytes, - - - - 169 



Seedlings of Parasitic Plants, - - - - 173 

 Cuscuta Europcea parasitic on a Hop-stem, - - 175 

 Bastard Toad-flax (Thesium alpinum), - - 177 



Page 

 Toothwort (Lathrcea Squamaria), with suckers 



upon the roots of a Poplar, - - - - 181 

 Langsdorffia h ypogcea, from Central America, - 187 

 Parasitic PUlanophorese (ScybaUum fungiforme 



and JSalanophora Hildenbrandtii), - - 189 

 Parasitic Balanophoreaa (Rhopalocnemis phalloides 



and Helosis gujanensis), - - - 191 

 Parasitic Balanophoreae (Lophophytum rnirabile 



and Sarcophyte sanguinea), - - - - 195 

 Cytinus Hypocistus and Cynomorium coccineum, - 197 

 Rafflesiaceae parasitic on trunks and branches, - 201 

 Parasitic Rafflesiacea upon a Cissus-root, - - 202 

 Rafflesia Padma, parasitic on roots upon the sur- 

 face of the ground, - - - 203 

 The European Mistletoe ( Viscum album), - - 206 

 Bushes of Mistletoe upon the Black Poplar in 



winter, 207 



Loranthus Europceus and Mistletoe ( Viscum 



album) both parasitic on branches of trees, 



and seen in section. A piece of Fir-tree 



perforated by the sinkers of a Mistletoe, - 209 



Porous Cells of Fork-moss, Bog-moss, and an 



Orchid root, - - 219 



Aerial Roots of an Orchid epiphytic upon bark 



of the branch of a tree, - - - 221 



Aerial Roots with root-hairs, .... 224 

 Hairs and Leaves which retain Dew and Rain, - 228 

 Cauline and Capitate Hairs, - 229 



Absorption of Water by Foliage-leaves, - - 232 

 Absorptive Cavities and Cups on Foliage-leaves, 233 

 Water-receptacles in Plants, - 239 



Gelatinous Lichens, 244 



Fruticose and Foliaceous Lichens, - - - 245 

 Roots with Mycelial Mantle; Mycelium entering 



into the external cells, - - - - 250 

 Olive Grove on the Shores of Lake Garda, - - 275 



Transpiring Cells, 278 



Spongy Tissue of Franciscea eximia and Daphne 



Laureola, - 279 



Corypha umbraculifera of Ceylon, - - - 289 

 Stomata of Nephrodium Filix-mas and Peperomia 



arifolia, 294 



Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Papilla- 

 like outgrowths of the Surface, - - - 295 



xiv 



