ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XV 



Page 

 Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Cuticular 



Pegs, 296 



Over-arched Stornata of Australian Proteaceae, - 297 

 Stomata in Pit-like Depressions, - - - 298 

 Stomata in the Furrows of Green Stems, - - 299 

 Orchids whose Stomata lie in Hollow Tubercles, - 300 

 Transverse Sections through Rolled Leaves, - 301 

 Vertical Section through a Rolled Leaf, - 303 



Thickened Stratified Cuticle, - - - 310 



Caryota propinqua, 311 



Vertical Section of Leaf of Caryota propinqua, 312 

 Edelweiss (Onaphalium Leontopodium), - - 315 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 321 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - 322 

 Flinty armour of Rochea falcata, - 323 

 Switch-plants, - - 331 



Switch-shrubs, sections of Stems, - - - 332 

 Plants with Leaf -like Branches (Cladodes), - 333 

 Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 335 



Compass Plants, 337 



Folding of Grass-leaves (Sesleria tenuifolia), 341 

 Folding of Grass-leaves (Stipa capittata and Fes- 



tuca alpestris], 342 



Folding of Grass-leaves (Lasiagrostis Calama- 



grostis and Festuca Porcii), . . . 343 



Folding of Grass-leaves (Festuca punctoria), - 345 

 Folding of Moss-leaves (Polytrichum commune), - 346 

 Unfolding of Leaves of various plants, - - 349 

 Leaf-unfolding of the Tulip-tree, - - - 352 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, - 353 



Leaf-fall of the Horse-chestnut, - - - - 361 

 Indian Climbing Palms (Rotang), - - 363 



Lianes, Stems of, ... 364 



Aroids, with cord-like aerial roots, - - - 365 

 Position of the Chlorophyll-granules in the cells 



of the Ivy-leaved Duckweed (Lemna trisulca), 382 

 Plan of Whorled Phyllotaxis, - - - - 397 

 Plan for Spiral Phyllotaxis, - - - - 400 

 Plan of Five-thirteenths Phyllotaxis, - - - 401 

 Parastichies of a Pine-cone, .... 403 

 Displacement of the leaf-positions in consequence 



of torsion of the stem, .... 407 



Leaf -mosaic, Leaf -rosettes, and Scale-like Leaves, 410 

 Formation of a Leaf -mosaic, .... 411 

 Spruce Firs (Abies excelsa), .... 415 

 Erect Leafy Twig of the Norway Maple, - - 416 

 Twi&ting of Internodes and Leaf-stalks, - - 417 

 Horizontally growing Leafy Twig of the Paper 



Mulberry-tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), - 418 

 Leafy Twig projecting laterally from the Stem of 



the Norway Maple (A cer platanoides), - - 419 

 Leaf-mosaics of Unsymmetrical Leaves, - - 420 

 Mosaic of Leaves of unequal size, - - - 421 

 Mosaic of Unsymmetrical Leaves of unequal size, 422 



Leaf-mosaic (Ivy), 423 



Acantholimon and spiny Tragacanth-shrubs, - 435 

 Group of Thistles (Cirsium nemorale), - 436 

 Acanthus spinosissimus, 437 



Weapons of Plants, 



Weapons of Plants, 



Chemical Diagrams (three), 



Chemical Diagram, 



Crystals and Crystalloids in Plant-cells, 

 Various Forms of Starch-grains, 

 Portion cut from a Branch (diagrammatic), 

 Organs for Removal of Substances, - 



Page 



- 439 



- 449 



- 453 



- 454 



- 457 



- 459 



- 469 



- 471 

 Rhynchosia phaseoloides, a Liane with ribbon-like 



Stems, 475 



Transverse sections of Liane Stems, - - - 477 

 Leafless Branches of Tecoma radicans, rooted on 



a wall, 479 



Elevation of a Block of Stone in consequence of 



the growth in thickness of a Larch Root, - 515 

 Alpine Willows with stems and branches clinging 



to the ground, 524 



Periodic bending of Flowers and Inflorescences, - 531 

 Alteration of Position of Leaflets in Compound 



Leaves, ....... 533 



Mimosa pudica in day and night positions, - - 537 

 Mountain Pines (Pinus humilis) in the Tyrol, - 549 

 Detachment of special shoots of Potamogeton 



crispus, for hibernation under water, - - 551 

 Edible Lichen (Lecanora esculenta) in the desert, 555 

 Changes in the Protoplasm of the Cell -nucleus 



during its division, 581 



Laminarias in the North Sea, .... 688 

 Liverworts with Cell-nets, Cell-plates, and Cell- 

 rows in various transitional forms, - - 591 

 Cotyledons, various examples shown in detail, - 599 

 Process of Development (Rhizophora conjugata), 603 

 Mangroves on the West Coast of India at ebb- 

 tide, 605 



Germinating Seeds and Seedlings, - - 607 



Liberation of the Cotyledons from the cavity of 



the seed or fruit husk, - - - - 611 

 Anchoring of the Water-chestnut (Trapa), - - 617 

 The Boring of Fruits into the Ground, Feather- 

 grass and Stork's-bill, - - 619 

 Cotyledons of various Plants, .... 621 

 Arrangement of Strands in the blades of Foliage- 

 leaves. Forms with one main strand, - - 631 

 Distribution of Strands in the blades of Foliage- 

 leaves. Forms with several main strands, - 633 

 Flowers of the Silver Lime and Arrow-grass, - 646 

 Cotton Trees of the Brazilian catingas, - - 656 

 Agaves of the Mexican uplands, - - - 657 



Yucca gloriosa, 659 



Vattisneria spiralis, ' ' ' , ' ^ 



Rotangs in Java, 675 



Shoot-apices of three species of Rotang, - 676 



Branches of the New Zealand Bramble, - - 677 

 Palm-stem used as a support by the lattice-forming 



stems of one of the Clusiacese, - - - 681 

 Twining Hop (ffumulus Lupulus), in detail, - 688 

 Portion of a Liane stem, twisted like a cork- 

 screw, 689 



