FORM AND POSITION OF THE TRANSPIRING LEAVES AND BRANCHES. 



333 



disappear, leaving no traces. Since the members which arise from the axils of 

 leaves (whether these are small clothing- scales, or large green laminae does not 

 matter) are not considered to be leaves, but shoots, the flat leaf -like structures of the 

 Butcher 's-broom are also regarded as shoots, and are named "flattened shoots" 

 (cladodes) or, considering their similarity to leaves, " leaf-branches " (phylloclades). 



Fig. 82. Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes). 



t Young shoot, of Bv*mu Hypoglossum. The same branch fully grown, with flowers on the clwlndw 

 of .Rw*wi6 aeuleat* * The fame branch with flowprs on the cladod** 



Young rtoot 



This view is strengthened materially by the fact that these leaf-like structures, in 

 their further development, and in the production of shoots, behave exactly ] 

 ordinary cylindrical axes. That is to say, small scale-like leaves spring from them, 

 and from the axils of these scales arise stalked flowers (see figs. 82 2 and 82 *) which 

 ultimately fructify. Plants possessing such phylloclades are not very numerous on 



