SCALE-LEAVES, FOLIAGE-LEAVES, FLORAL-LEAVES. 633 



of the net-work between these strands are principally formed from trans- 

 versely-running lateral strands. In the Australian Lcucopogon Cunninghami, 

 one of the Epacride* (see fig. 160 % the very narrow meshes of the net-work 

 are, on the other hand, formed by the longitudinally-running lateral strands 

 A very peculiar form of the apical arrangement of strands is that which the 

 older botanists called pedate. Three distinct strands enter the base of the 

 blade from the leaf - stalk ; the central strand is relatively thin and passes 



Fig. 150. Distribution of Strands in the blades of Foliage-leaves : Forms with several main strands. 



1 Apical or acrodromous (Bupleurum falcatum). 2 Curved or campylodromous (Hydrocharis Morsut-rantc). ' Curved 

 (Haianthemum bifolium). * Curved (Funkia). * Fan-like or diadromous (Oinkgo biloba). Apical or acrodromous 

 (Leucopogon Cunninghami). 'Apical, "pedate" (Parnassia palustris). Parallel (Bambusa). Parallel (Oryza 

 clandestine^). 



direct towards the leaf -apex; the two lateral are thick, bend round like an 

 arch to the right and left as soon as they have entered the blade, and then 

 send arched lateral strands toward the upper margin, which are almost equi- 

 valent to the central main strand, and may at first sight even be taken for 

 main strands. This arrangement is found in the Birthwort and Asarabacca 

 (Aristolochia Clematitis and Asarum Europceum), in numerous violets and 

 Ranunculaceae, and in the Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris), the leaf of 

 which is shown in fig. 150 7 . 



Main strands which enter the blade in large numbers, but always separately, 



