ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 

 Chalazogamic fertilization in the Alder (Alnus 



glutinosd). Diagrammatic, - - - 413 



Fertilization in Ephedra and Ornithogalum, 415 

 Embryo-sac of Monotropa, - - - 417 



Seeds with a Reserve-tissue, .... 422 

 Seeds with winged and hairy appendages, - - 423 

 Polar Willow (Salix polaris) with opened fruits 



showing masses of hairy seeds escaping, - 424 

 Seeds with caruncles and hilar scars, - - - 425 

 Branch of Mezereon (Daphne Mezcreum) with 



berries. Fruiting branch of the Liine (Tilia) 



with downy hairs investing the nut-like fruits, 426 

 Indehiscent fruits and schizocarps, - - - 427 

 Winged fruits or samaras of the Ash, &c., - - 428 

 Flowering branch of Banksia serrata with thick- 

 walled dehiscent capsules, - - - 429 

 Various capsular fruits, - - - - -431 

 Achenes provided with a plume or pappus, - 432 

 The Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus) in fruit, - 433 

 Fruits with persistent receptacles, - - 434 

 Fruits with Cupules: Acorns, - - - - 435 

 Fruits in whose structure the receptacle and pedi- 

 cel take a share: Cashew-nut, - - - 436 

 Collective and aggregate fruits: Betel, Sweet-sop, 



and Sour-sop, 437 



Branch of the Bread-fruit Tree (Artocarpus in- 



cisa), with flowers and fruit, ... 438 

 The Lotus Lily (Nelumbium speciosum), - - 439 

 Flower of the Lotus Lily (Nelumbium speciosum), 440 

 Fruit and Seed of Coniferae: Silver Fir, Scotch 



Pine, Larch, 441 



Fruits and Seeds of Coniferae: Yew, Arbor Vitse, 



Juniper, 442 



Coniferous Fruits and Seeds, .... 443 

 Protection of ripening seeds against animals: 



Anatto, 444 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals: 



Mimosa, Chestnut, &c., .... 445 

 Protection of seeds against wet, .... 448 

 Branch of Mangrove Tree (RUzophora Mangle}, 



with flowers and fruits, - - - - 451 

 Bulbils replacing flowers and fruits, - - - 455 

 Flowers and fruits replaced by tubers and bud-like 



offshoots, 460 



Flowers and fruits replaced by bulbils. The 



Coral-root (Dentaria bulbifera), - - 461 

 The Annual Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis annua), 466 

 Alternation of Generations in Ferns, - - - 472 

 Tree-ferns (Alsophila) in Ceylon, - ... 473 

 Rhipidopteris peltata, with sterile and fertile 



fronds, 474 



Stag's-horn Fern (Platycerium alcicorne), - - 475 

 Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 477 

 Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 479 

 Asexual and sexual reproduction in Saprolegni- 



acese, - 480 



Asexual and sexual reproduction in the Mucorini, 481 

 Larch trees (Larix europcea), - ... 433 



Pa ere 



Myxomycetous Fungi and their fructification, - 491 

 Magnified Examples of Desmidieas, - - - 492 

 Fungus-galls on Juniperus communis and A ronia 



rotundifolia, - - - - - - 521 



Various Galls and their effects on plants, - - 523 

 A Witches' Broom on the Silver Fir, produced 



by ^Ecidium elatinum, .... 526 

 Galls in section and otherwise, - - - - 531 

 Various Galls on Leaves, ... . 533 



Galls on Spruce, Poplar, Oak, &c., - 534 



Solid Galls on Lime and Uelastrus, - - - 539 



Various Oak-galls, 541 



Spirophyton from the Upper Devonian Rocks, - 610 

 Riella helicophylla growing under water, - - 611 

 Myxomycetes or Slime-fungi, - - 618 



Various Examples of Bacteria, - 624 



Highly-magnified Examples of Diatoms, - - 626 

 Hydrodictyaceae, with Zoospores, - - - 640 

 j ULothrix zonata, with Gametes and Zoospores, - 649 

 Various Examples of Desniids. - 600 



Spirogyra, - 657 



Structure and reproduction of Chara fragilis, - 660 

 Laminariaceae, with perforated fronds, - - 662 

 Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder- wrack) : female con- 



ceptacle, &c., - 663 



Fucus vesiculosus: male conceptacle, &c., - - 664 

 A branch of the Gulf- weed, Sargassum bacciferum, 



with leaves and air-sacs, - - 665 



Chytridiaceae and Ancylistaceae, - 668 



Swarm -spores in Saprolegniaceae and Chytridiaceae, 669 

 The False Vine-mildew, Peronospora viticola, - 670 

 AcJdya lignicola and its Reproduction, - - 671 

 Entomophthoreae: JEntomophthora and Empusa, - 672 

 Mucor and its Reproduction, .... 673 

 Ascomycetes, ... - 679 



The Ergot of Rye, Claviceps purpurca, - 680 



Various Ascomycetes, - - - - 681 



The Morel and other Discomycetes, - - - 683 

 Portion of a lamella of an Agaricus with a basi- 



dial layer, - 684 



Basidiomycetes: various species of Fungi, - - 685 

 Gasteromycetes: Puff-ball, Earth-star, &c., - 690 

 Lichens, - 693 



Gelatinous Lichens, - - 694 



Crustaceous Lichen: Lecanora esculenta, - 695 

 Vertical section through an air-chamber of the 



Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, - - 697 

 Jungermanniaceae: Scale-mosses, - - - 698 

 Mosses and their Spore-capsules, &c., - - 700 



Mosses, with details of structure, - - 701 



Spore-capsules of Mosses, 703 



Various Ferns, - 707 



Life-history of a Fern, - 708 



Hydropterides or Rhizocarps, - - - 710 



Equisetaceae or Horsetails, - 712 



Club-moss: Lycopodium annotinum, 714 

 Lycopodiales, with details of structure, - 716 



A group of Cycas revoluta, -"-- - - 719 



