VI 



CONTENTS. 



4. THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES. 



Page 



The Distribution of Species by Offshoots, - 790 

 The Dispersion of Species by means of Fruits 



and Seeds, - 833 



Limits of Distribution, 



Plant Communities and Floras, - 



Page 



- 878 



- 885 



5. THE EXTINCTION OF SPECIES, - - 899 



CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



PHYLUM 1. MYXOTHALLOPHYTA. 

 Alliance 1. Myxomycetes, 



PHYLUM 2. THALLOPHYTA. 



CLASS I.- Schizophyta, - 



Alliance 2. Cyanophyceae, the Blue-green 



Algae, - 



Alliance 3. Schizomycetes, the Bac- 

 teria, 



CLASS II. Dinoflagellata, Peridineae, - 

 Alliance 4, 



CLASS III. Bacillariales, - 

 Alliance 5, 



CLASS IV. Gamophyceae, - - - 



SUB-CLASS I. Chlorophyceae, the Green 



Algae, 



Alliance 6. Protococcoideae, - 

 Do. 7. Siphoneae, - 

 Do. 8. Confer void eae, 

 Do. 9. Conjugatae, - 

 Do. 10. Charales, - 

 Do. 11. Phaeophyceae, 

 Do. 12. Dictyotales, 

 Do. 13. Florideae, Ked Sea-weeds, 



CLASS V. Fungi, - ... 

 SUB-CLASS I. Phycomycetes, 

 Alliance 14. Oomycetes, 

 Do. 15. Zygomycetes, 



SUB-CLASS II. Mesomycetes, 

 Alliance 16, - 

 Do. 17, - 



SUB-CLASS III. Mycomycetes, - 

 Alliance 18, - 

 Do. 19, - 

 Additional Group of Fungi, Lichenes, 



PHYLUM 3. ARCHEGONIAT^:. 

 CLASS I. Bryophyta,- - 



Alliance 20. Hepaticae, Liverworts, 

 Do. 21. Musci, Mosses, - 



