THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE PHANEROGAMIC FRUIT. 



77 



three receptacular ridges. The ovules are borne on longitudinally-running cushions 

 on the carpels. This class of ovary is found in great variety amongst the 

 Orchidaceae (figs. 207 1 and 207 2 , and figs. 212 1 ' 2 - 3 - 4 ). 



(14) On 

 deeply-exca 



Carpels of Two Kinds. 



carpels, destitute of ovules, arise from the margin of the 

 ^ptacle, roofing it in. Another series, metamorphosed into 



Fig. 209. Structure of Phanerogamic Ovaries. 



1 Longitudinal section of the ovary of Cereus grandifiorus. * Ovules on a branched placenta from the base of the ovary of 

 Cereus. Longitudinal section of the ovary of Hedychium angusti/olium. * Dehisced fruit of the same plant. 6 Trans- 

 verse section of the ovary of the same. Longitudinal section of an Almond flower (Amygdalus communis). 1 Longi- 

 tudinal section of the ovary of the same. , Transverse and longitudinal sections of the ovary of the Willow-herb 

 (Epilobium angustifolum). 1 natural size ; , *, , slightly magnified ; 2 , 1, 8, x 10. 



ovule-bearing strings, arise spirally from the inner wall of the receptacle and 

 project into the ovarian cavity. Examples are afforded by the Cactacene, e.g. 

 Opuntia and Cereus (figs. 209 x and 209 2 ). 



(15) One series of carpels closes the mouth of the excavated receptacle, as in 

 (14). The other series, bearing the ovules, are filamentous, and arise as a whorl 

 from the base of the receptacle; they are consolidated with a thread-like prolonga- 

 tion of the tip of the axis which runs up as a central column. Example: The 

 Willow-herb (Epilobium, figs. 209 8 and 209 9 ). 



