

764 



THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 





of a star. In the Cinchonaceae and Coffeaceae, the stipules are squamiform, and 

 sometimes lacerated (see fig. 432 l ). In the Caprifoliaceae they are either very small 

 and in the form of stalked glands, or else they are adnate to the base of the petiole, 

 and have the appearance of being narrow sessile segments of the leaf. The cymose 

 inflorescences may be contracted into glomerules and fascicles, in which case each 

 is surrounded by an envelope of bracts, as, for instance, in the Ipecacuanha plant 

 (Cephaelis Ipecacuanha', see fig. 432 2 ), or they may form pyramidal panicles, as in 

 the Cinchona, or, lastly, they may be flat cymes, as in the Elders (Sambucus nigra 



Fig. 432. Caprifoliales: Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (Family Rubiacese). 

 i Entire Plant. 2 Inflorescence. Single flower. 1 reduced; and magnified. (After Baillon.) 



and S. Ebulus). In the Caprifoliaceae, especially in the genera Linncea and 

 Lonicera, two-flowered cymes also occur, and in several species of the genus 

 Lonicera, the ovaries of the two flowers in each cyme are connate. The flowers of 

 several Caprifoliaceae (Linncea, Lonicera, &c.) are zygomorphic, whereas the other 

 members have actinomorphic flowers. In the Stellatae the fruit is a schizocarp which 

 breaks up into two mericarps; in Cinchonaceae, it is a capsule which dehisces from 

 the base upwards (see p. 431, fig. 325 10 ). In Coffeaceae, Sambucacese, and the genus 

 Linncea, the fruit is a drupe, and in Gardenieae and some of the Caprifoliaceae, a 

 berry. The baccate fruits of several species of the genus Lonicera (L. alpigena 

 L. ccerulea, &c.), coalesce to form a collective fruit. Each chamber in the fruit of 



