DISPERSAL BY ANIMALS. 



871 



gallops madly away, but is unable to set itself free from th, i,,st,,,,,,ent of torture 

 ften several days before the capsule breaks up and falls off. The fruits. 



Fig. 477.-Fruits furnished with hooks. 



i Galium Aparine. 2 Hooked bristles of the fruit of the same. Hedysarum Canadtnte. * A piece of the lomentum of the 

 same. 6 Hooked bristles of Hedysarum Canadense. Cynoglossum pictum. ? Hooked prickles on the fruits of the same. 

 8 Circvea Lutetiana. 9 Hooked bristles on the fruit of the same. o TorUin Anthriscug. " Single fruit of Torilit Anthrueut. 

 12 Curved prickles on this fruit. " Lappago racemosa. " Single fruiting spike of the same. ' Setaria verticillata. 

 is Fruit-bearing branchlet with involucral bristles from a spike of Setaria verticillata. " Bidem bipinnata. i Single 

 fruit of the same. " Fruit of Caccinia strir/osa. * Hooked prickles on the fruit of Caecinia striyosa. *, *, *, , , ". ", 

 14, 16, is and 20 magnified. 



are armed with hooked bristles or prickles, are so numerous that even a superficial 

 account of them cannot be undertaken here, and we must content ourselves with 

 mentioning a few of the most remarkable forms. Amongst these are the capsular 

 fruits of Krameria Ixina and Triumfetta Plumieri (see figs. 478 10 and 478 n ), the 

 sheathed achenes of several species of Calligonum and Rumex, e.g. Rumex nepalensia 

 (fig. 478 3 ), the pods of many Papilionaceaa (e.g. Medicago agrestis and M. radiata, 

 Onobrychis cequidentata and Hedysarum Canadense; see figs. 478 2 and 478 9 , and 



