GLOSSARY. 



913 



Campylodromous, applied to the manner in which 



veins are distributed. See vol. i. p. 633, fig. 150 3 . 



Campylotropous, used of an ovule or seed in which 



the nucellus, with its integuments, is bent so that 



the apex is brought near to the point of attachment. 



Canker, a vague term applied to the disease or Fungus 



which attacks plants and causes slow decay. 

 Capillitium, the thread-like fibres, often united into 

 a reticulum, which are developed within the spores 

 of Myxomycetes and many Gasteromycetes. 



Capitulum, a head or globular cluster of sessile 

 flowers. 



Caprification, the custom of hanging branches of the 

 wild Fig in the cultivated trees so as to ensure pol- 

 lination by means of the gall-insects thus introduced. 



Caprificus, the uncultivated male form of the com- 

 mon Fig. 



Capsule, a dry, dehiscent fruit. 



Carobe di Giude, Turpentine Gall-apple, produced 

 on Pistacia Lentiscus by a Pemphigus. 



Carpel, a single-celled ovary or seed-vessel, or a single 

 cell of an ovary or seed-vessel together with what 

 belongs to that cell ; it may be regarded as a modi- 

 fied leaf. 



Carpium, or Carp, the oogonium modified by fertili- 

 zation, which remains as an envelope around the 

 embryo. Cf. vol. ii. p. 47. 



Carpo-asci, the more complex Ascomycetous Fungi 

 all except the Exoascacese. 



Carpophylla, the carpels. 



Caruncle, a localized outgrowth of the seed-coat; a 

 sort of aril. 



Caryophyllaceous, appertaining to the Pink family. 



Caryopsis, an indehiscent one-seeded fruit, in which 

 the thin seed-coat adheres to the pericarp, as in all 

 cereal grains. 



Catapult -fruits, fruits in which the dispersal of the 

 seeds or fruit-segments is due to the elastic reaction 

 of the resilient peduncles or pedicels. 



Catkin, a pendulous inflorescence bearing flowers of 

 one sex only ; an amentum. 



Caudex, a trunk or unbranched stem. 



Caudex columnaris, an erect columnar stem, as in 

 Palm-trees. 



Caulescent, having an obvious stem rising above the 

 ground. 



Cauline, appertaining to the stem. 



Caulis, the stem or stalk. 



Caulis herbaceus, a herbaceous stem. 



Caulis suffruticosus, a suffruticose stem; the stem 

 of an under-shrub. 



Caulome, a stem-structure, or the stem-like portion 

 of a plant. 



Cecidium, a gall or hypertrophy on a plant-member, 

 due to the stimulating action of an insect or Fungus. 



Cell, the structural unit in the formation of plants; 

 one of the individualized portions of which plants 

 are built up. 



Cell -membrane, the cell-wall. 



Cell -plate, used here of aggregates of cells in one 

 plane. 



Cell- sap, the watery fluid contained in a cell. 



Cellular, consisting of cells. Sometimes used of 

 plants which are destitute of vessels. 



Cellulose, a carbo-hydrate of which cell-membranes 

 are composed ; the essential constituent of cell- walls. 



Centrifugal, a term applied to such inflorescences as 

 develop from the centre outwards. 

 VOL. II. 



Centripetal, a term applied to such inflorescences as 



develop from without inwards. 

 Cephalonion gall, a sac-like gall juim-d t. the leaf 



by a narrow neck. 

 Ceratonion gall, a holl..w, thi.-k-walK.l, h..ni-like 



gall, belonging to the series of Mantle-galls. 

 Chalaza, the part of an <>\ulc where nmvllus and 

 integuments cohere; the base of tin: niKvllus. 



Chalazogamic, applied to fertili/.atiun in U, 

 plants via the chalaza and not by the nn 

 in the Hazel. 



Chlamydospore, the reproductive organ in some 

 Fungi. 



Chloranthy, the production of green flowers ; a sup- 

 posed reversion of floral structures to a priinitm; 

 foliar condition. 



Chlorenchyma, a term sometimes given to a green, 

 chlorophyll-containing tissue. 



Chlorophyll, the ordinary green pigment of plants 

 which is the agent in the process of carbon assimi- 

 lation. 



Chlorophyll-corpuscles.protoplasmic bodies distinct 

 from, yet imbedded in, the general cell-prot< 

 of the green parts of plants. The chlorophyll is 

 restricted to these corpuscles. 



Chromatophore, a general term for any protoplasmic 

 body containing a pigment Chlorophyll -corpuscles 

 are chromatophores. 



Chromosomes. See Fibril*. 



Cilia, delicate protoplasmic filaments serving as organs 

 of locomotion, as in zoospores, &c. 



Cincinnus, a form of cymose inflorescence, a one-sided 

 cyme. 



Cirrhus capreolus, a term for stem -tendrils, i.e. 

 branch-tendrils and flower-stalk tendrils. 



Cirrhus costalis, a projecting or excurrent midrib, 

 modified as a tendril. 



Cirrhus foliaris, a leaf modified as a tendril. 



Cirrhus peduncularis, a flower-stalk modified as a 

 tendril. 



Cirrhus petiolaris, a petiole or leaf-stalk modified 

 as a tendril. 



Cirrhus radicalis, a root modified as a tendril. 



Cirrhus rameaneus, a tendril which is a modified 

 branch. 



Cirrhus stipularis, a tendril which is a metamor- 

 phosed stipule. 



Cladodes, leaf-like branches. See Pkylloclade. 



Clamp-cells, here used for the papilla-like cells by 

 which an epiphytic root adheres to the substratum. 



Class, the highest grade or division of plants in the 

 system of Linnaeus. In our system a class is sub- 

 ordinate to a phylum, and the classes are subdivided 

 into alliances. 



Clavate, club-shaped. 



Claw, a name given to the stalk of a petal 



Cleistogamic, -ous, a term applied to the inconspi- 

 cuous flowers produced by many plants. These 

 flowers do not open, and are self -pollinated (autoga- 

 mous). 



Cob, a term applied to the spike on which Maize 

 grows. 



Ccenobe, or Ccenobium, a colony of separate organ- 

 isms united by a common investment, e.g. Volvor. 



Coherent, used of the union of similar members. 



Cohort, a group of families or orders which are 

 nearly related to one another ; is used here as syno- 



nymous with Alliance. 



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