930 



INDEX. 



Aristolochia, colour and odour, ii. 197. 



imprisonment of insects, ii. 165. 



insect platforms, ii. 225. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



perianth, ii. 165. 



stem, i. 364. 



Aristolochia Olematitis, allurement of in- 



sects, ii. 206, 222. 

 -- flower, gynandria, ii. 292. 

 -- food of Thais Hypermnestra, ii. 488 

 -- insect platform, ii. 226. 

 -- odour, i. 431. 

 -- pollination, ii. 244. 

 -- Tenation, i. 633. 

 Aristolochia Gigas, scent, ii. 200. 

 -- var. Sturtevantii, size and colour of 



flowers, ii. 185. 



Aristolochia ringens, flowers, ii. 166. 

 -- insect platform, ii. 225. 

 Aristolochia Sipho, leaf-blades, i. 649. 

 -- sinistrorse twining, i. 685. 

 Aristolochiacese, ii. 599, 755. 



American, size of flowers, ii. 185. 



protogynous, ii. 312. 



South American, i. 202. 

 Aristotle, biology of plants, i. 16. 

 Armeria, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



stigma, ii. 281. 



Armeria alpina, autogamy, ii. 358. 



- seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 

 Armeria vulgaris, autogamy, ii. 358. 

 Arnebia cornuta, fruit protection, ii. 442. 

 Arnica, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



habitat, i. 112. 



pollination, i. 740. 



Arnica montana and Campanula, colour con- 



trast, ii. 193. 



-- florets and autogamy, ii. 363. 

 -- flower-opening constant, i. 559. 

 -- peripheral flowers, ii. 187. 

 Arnoserispusilla, persistent cotyledons, i. 622. 

 Aroideje, ii. 742. 



adherent roots, i. 108. 



adventitious roots, i. 751. 



- aerial roots, i. 365. 753; ii. 745. 



arrangement of roots, i. 766. 



certain, resemblance to Leucobryum and 



Sphagnum in water-absorption, i. 220. 



coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



description, ii. 742. 



development of climbing roots, i. 705. 



epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



epiphytic, aerial roots, porous covering 



and root-hairs, i. 223. 



extrusion of water from leaves, i. 271. 



geitonogamy in, ii. 325. 



geographical distribution, ii. 745. 



imprisonment of insects, &c., ii. 164. 



inflorescence, i. 501. 



- insects and pollen, ii. 222, 244. 



leaf perforation, i. 413. 



leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



monoecious, protogynous, ii. 313. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



on ground of woods, i. 109. 



- on trees, i. 106. 



origin of roots, i. 771. 



pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



- pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



- sheltering of pollen, ii. 108. 



temperature within spathe, i. 501 

 Arollapine. See Pinus Cembra 



Aronia rrtundifolia, Gymnosporangium gall, 



Aronicum glaciale, dichogamy, ii. 312 



m 227* f r reception of insect8 - iL 



- for retention of pollen, ii. 279 



IS?* 11 flowere> 8exual conditi ns . 



Arrow-head. See Sagittaria. 

 Arrowroot, source of, ii 736 



ii. 853. 



Artemisia Absynthium, ii. 87. 



Artemisia Absynthium, &c., hairs, i. 322. 

 Artemisia campestris, and gall of Cecido- 



myia Artemisiae, ii. 547. 

 Artemisia Mutellina, &c., geitonogamy, 



322. 



habitat and hairiness, i. 316. 



Arthrospore, of Bacteria, ii. 623. 

 Artichoke. See Cynara scolymus. 

 Artocarpacese, ii. 758. 



collective fruits in, ii. 436. 



laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 



pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



Artocarpus incisa, flowering and fruiting 



branch, ii. 438. 



from chalk, ii. 613. 



Artocarpus integrifolia, collective fruit, ii 



436. 

 Arum, monoecious, ii. 297. 



pollination, ii. 164. 



Arum conocephaloides and Ceratopogon, ii 

 165. 



inflorescence, ii. 164. 



Arum cordifolium, temperature within 

 spathe, i. 501. 



Arum Italicum, fly visitors, ii. 165. 



geographical distribution, habitat, i. 



501. 



temperature within spathe, i. 501; ii. 164. 



Arum maculatum and Psychoda phallse- 

 noides, ii. 165. 



habitat, i. 654. 



leaf of, i. 286. 



Arundinaria glaucescens, protection of sto- 

 mata from moisture, i. 294. 



Arundo, arrangement for rain-water exclu- 

 sion between haulm and leaf, i. 98. 



Arundo Donax, dimensions, i. 714. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



Asafcetida. See Scorodosma Asafcetida. 



Asarabacca. See Asarum Europeeum. 



Asaracese, ii. 755. 



Asarum, aestivation, ii. 210. 



leaf, emerging from soil, i. 640. 



pollen-deposition, ii. 279. 



pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



variety of scent, ii. 488. 



Asarum Canadense, creeping stem, i. 662. 

 Asarum Euroyseum, creeping stem, i. 662. 



stages in blossoming, ii. 279. 



venation, i. 633. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Ascherson, Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, 



ii. 605. 

 Asci, ii. 19. 



- of Claviceps, ii. 680. 



of Cordyceps, ii. 679. 



of Erysiphe, ii. 60. 



of Morchella, ii. 683. 



of Moulds, ii. 677. 



of Tuber, ii. 678, 681. 

 Ascidia, i. 127. 



alluring, &c., contrivances, i. 128. 



- as pitfalls, &c., i. 123. 

 Asclepiadaceae, i. 470 ; ii. 77. 



cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



corpusculum, ii. 257. 



insect-visitors, ii. 258. 



pollinia, &c., ii. 97, 257, 259. 



protective sticky latex, ii 234 

 soft bast, i. 477. 



viscin of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Asclepias, scent, ii. 202. 



Asclepias Cornuti, clips on insect foot, ii. 259. 



floral mechanism, ii. 258. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Ascoideae, ii. 674. 

 Ascomycetes, ii. 606. 



asci and spore formation, ii. 18. 



distinctive characters, ii. 676 



various, ii. 679, 681. 

 AscophyUum, ii. 664. 

 Ascosporepe, ii. 606. 



Ascospores, of Ascomycetes, ii. 19, 676, 693. 

 Ascus, of Podosphsera, ii. 60 



- of Xylaria, ii. 679. 



Ascus-fruit, basis of classification in Asco- 

 mycetes, ii. 676. 



Ascus-fruit of Eurotium, ii. 679. 



of Moulds, ii. 677. 



Asexual generation of ferns, commencement 



of, ii. 472. 



Asexual reproduction, in Mucorini and 

 Saprolegniaceae, ii. 480, 481. 



in Saprolegniacese, ii. 484. 



Ash, essential constituents of, ii. 66. 



of chlorophyll, i. 371. 



of Stratiotes aloides, Nymphtea alba. 



Chara fostida, Phragmites communis, 

 Biscutella laevigata, Dorycnium decum- 

 bens, i. 69. 



of Taxus baccata, i. 70. 

 Ash. See Fraxinus excelsior. 



mountain. See Sorbus Aucuparia. 

 Asparagin, i. 464. 



an amide, i. 458. 



and respiration, i. 495. 

 Asparaginese, switch-plants in, i. 330. 

 Asparagus, ii. 732. 



phylloclades, i. 652. 



Asparagus acutifolius, &c., weaving habit, 

 i. 674. 



Asparagus horridus, &c., spines, i. 434. 



Asparagus officinalis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 299. 



imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



Aspen. See Populus tremula. 



Aspergillese, fertilization and fruit-forma- 

 tion, ii. 60. 



Aspergillus, fermentative action, i. 508. 



parasitism, ii. 678. 



sporangia, &c., ii. 18, 21. 

 Aspergillus funiigatus, habitat, ii. 678. 

 Aspergillus niger, conidial hyphse, ii. 677. 

 Asperula, stipules, i. 637. 



Asperula aparine, weaving habit, i. 674. 

 Asperula arvensis, artificially induced 



drooping, ii. 123. 



Asperula capitata, evening smell, ii. 209. 

 Asperula galioides, cuckoo-galls, ii. 545. 

 Asperula glomerata, opening of flower, ii. 



212. 



Asperula longiflora, &c., scent, ii. 200. 

 Asperula odorata, ii. 537. 



effect of clearing wood, i. 391. 



leaf and illumination, i. 286. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



stamens, ii. 86. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Asperula taurina, behaviour of styles, i. 



740. 



geitonogamy, ii. 325. 



sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



Asperula tinctoria, cuckoo-galls, ii. 545. 

 Asphodel, Scottish. See Tofiddia borealis. 

 Asphodeloidese, characteristics, ii. 730. 

 Asphodelus, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Asphodelus albus, roots, i. 760. 



twisted leaves, i. 429. 



Asphodelus ramosus, at Paestum, ii. 730. 

 Aspicilia calcarea, heat resistance, i. 554. 

 Aspicilia flavida, habitat, i. 117. 

 Aspidiese, sorus and indusium, &c., ii. 706. 

 Aspidium, hybrids in, ii. 582. 

 Aspidium falcatum, apogamy, ii. 458. 

 Aspidium Filix-mas, winter buds, emergence 



from soil, i. 639. 

 Aspidium Thelypteris, necessary soil, ii. 612. 

 Asplenieae, sorus and indusium, ii. 706. 

 Asplenium, buds on fronds, ii. 39, 41. 



hybrids in, ii. 582. 



prothallus, ii. 11. 



Asplenium Germanicum, hybrid of A. Ruta- 

 muraria X A. septentrionale, ii. 586. 



Ruta-muraria, sporophyte and prothal- 



lium, ii. 472. 

 Asses, wild, and Melocactus, i. 447. 

 Assimilation and respiration, i. 492-495. 



theory of, i. 456. 



Aster, and ancient crossing, ii. 555. 



autogamy, ii. 359. 



Blue. See A ster A mellus. 



colour-contrast in capitulum, ii. 191. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



