936 



INDEX. 



Carex stricta, social form, ii. 748. 

 Carex vulgaris, seedlings, i. 607. 

 Carica Papaya, enzyme, i. 465. 

 'Carinthe minor, pollen-grains, ii. 97 

 Carlina, spiny leaves, i. 438. 

 Cailina acaulis, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



as hygrometer and weather-glass, ii. 



117. 



coloured bract, ii. 183. 



opening and closing, ii. 116. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protection of pollen, ii. 115, 117- 



temperature within capitulum, i. 501. 



Carmichelia austral is, cladodes, i. 335. 



Caruiola, flora of, i. 6. 



Carnivorous plants, movements, i. 140. 



number of, classification of, i. 119. 



spinous structures in pitfalls, i. 124. 



with scale-like leaves, i. 135. 



Carob. See Ceratonia Siliqua. 

 Carolina Allspice. See Calycanthus. 

 Caroway. See Carum canri. 

 Carpathians, plants of, i. 316. 

 Carpel, morphology, ii. 89. 



of Cupressus, ii. 443. 

 Carpels, arrangement, &c., i. 642. 



arrangement on receptacle, ii. 74. 



foliaceous, ii. 83. 



persistence, ii 719. 



Carpenter Bee and Spartium scoparium, ii. 



267. 



Carpet, type of community, ii. 889, 893. 

 Carpinus and gall-mites, ii. 529. 



- bud-scales, i. 626. 



cupule. ii. 434. 



defoliation slow, i. 361. 



embryo-sacs, ii. 478. 



pollen-storing and dispersion, ii. 148. 



vernation, i. 350, 631. 

 Carpinus Betulus, ii. 759. 



and Exoascus Carpini, ii. 527. 



chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 433. 



height, i. 722. 



pocket-galls, ii. 532. 



Carpinus orieutalis, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 

 Carpium, definition, ii. 47. 

 Carpophylla. See Carpels. 

 CarposporejB, ii. 606. 

 Carpospores, of Coleochsete, ii. 651 

 Carrion -beetles and Dracunculus Creticus 



Ac., ii. 165. 

 Carrion-flies, favourite colours and odours 



ii.197. 

 Carrot. See Daucus Carota. 



CarthamuB,preservationofcolourin Egyptian 

 graves, i. 262. 



Carthamus tinctoriua, demonstration of irri- 

 gation, i. 96. 



Carthusian Pink. See Dianthus Carthusian- 

 orum. 



Cartilage, digestion of, by Pinguicula vul- 

 garis, i. 142. 



Carum carvi, schizocarp, ii. 427, 430. 



Caruncle, nature of, ii. 425. 



Carya, mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413 



Caryophyllaceae, ii. 1%. 



aestivation in, ii. 210. 



autogamy in, ii. 335, 352, 355. 



capsules, ii. 432. 



carnivorous in minor degree, i 155 



- course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



crepuscular perfume, ii. 208 



- cross-fertilization in, ii. 307 



- distribution of sexes, ii. 298, 299. 



- floral envelopes, ii. 749. 



-gall-mites and flower metamorphosis in, 



U. CJ-to. 



- heterostyly in, ii 398. 



hybrids among, ii 584. 



- insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



movements of stamens ii 250 



- nectaries, ii. 175, 176. 



nocturnal flowering, ii 154. 



Caryophyllaceae. protandrous, ii. 312. 



protandry and autogamy, ii. 336. 



stigmatic surface in, ii. 281. 



times of opening and closing, ii. 221. 

 Caryophyllinae, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Caryopsis, nature of, ii. 429. 



of Gramineae, ii. 746. 

 Caryota, caudex, i. 714. 



geographical distribution, ii. 740. 

 Caryota propinqua, i. 311. 



fate of specimen cultivated at Vienni 



i. 310. 



leaf -section, i. 312. 



Casein, i. 458. 



Cashew-nut. See Anacardium occidental. 



Cassia angustifolia, pod, ii. 431. 



Cassia lenitiva, stamen, ii. 91. 



Cassiope tetragona, rolled leaves, i. 304 



Cassytha, i. 182,687; ii. 752. 



affinities, i. 171. 



geographical distribution, i. 171. 



germination and mode of attack, i 176. 



parasitism, i. 171. 



physiological roots of seedling, i. 750. 

 Castanea, cotyledons, i. 608. 



cupule, ii. 434. 



fertilization, porogamic, ii. 413. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Castanea sativa, thermal constants, i. 55! 



560. 

 Castanea vulgaris, age, i. 720. 



diameter, i. 722. 



fruit protection, ii. 442, 445. 



Castanospermum, seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 

 Casuarina, chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412, 



616. 



Casuarina quadrivalvis, branch and cross 

 section, i. 299. 



protection of stomata from moisture, 



i.298. 

 Casuarineae, Australian, switch-plants, i. 330, 



376. 



chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 413. 



chlorenchyma, and stomates, i. 332. 



little shadow from, i. 336. 



Catalpa, opening and closing of stigma, ii. 281. 



pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



Catalpa syringssfolia, thermal constants, i. 



559,560. 

 Catananche, protection of pollen from rain, 



ii. 112. 

 Catananche ccerulea, duration of blossoming, 



ii. 218. 



Catapult-fruits, ii. 840. 

 Catasetum, ii. 738. 



Catasetum tridentatum, discharge of pol- 

 linia, details, ii. 270. 



pollination, flower and parts, ii. 269. 



Caterpillars and Cordyceps, ii. 680 



- as hosts, i. 168. 



hosts of Entomophthoreae, ii. 672. 



protection against, ii. 445. 

 Cathartolinum, guides to houey, ii. 249. 

 Catingas, of Brazil, i. 356. 



Catkin, i. 739. 



Cat's-foot. See Gnaphalium dioicum 



Cattle, anthrax in, i 163. 



Cattleya, ii. 738. 



Cattleya labiata, duration of flowering, ii 214 



Caucalis daucoides, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Caucasus, plants of, i 316 

 Caudex, i. 655, 710. 



- characteristic examples, i. 712 



thorns and leaf-sheaths, i 714 

 Caulerpa, habit, species. &c., ii. 645 



structure and light, i. 388 

 Caulescent Violas, cleistogamy. ii. 393. 

 Cauliflower, nature of, ii 553 

 Cauline buds, shoots, &c , ii 28 

 Caulis. See Stalk. 



Caulis herbaceus, i. 715. 

 Caulis suffruticosus, i 715. 

 Cauloma. See Caudex 



Caulotretus, hosts of Rafflesiaceae in Venez- 

 uela, i. 200. 



undulation of stem, i. 735. 

 Cavanillesia tuberculata, Brazilian Catingas, 



i. 656. 



Cavern Moss. See Schistostega. 

 Cavities, grooves, &c., in leaves, for collection 



of water, i. 230. 

 Caylusea, ovary, ii. 75. 

 Cecidium, proposed application of term, ii. 



528. 

 Cecidomyia, escape of larvae from galls ii 



538. 



gall-gnats, ii. 534. 



Cecidomyia Arternisue, gall on Artemisia 



campestris, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Asperulae, galls on Asperula, ii 



545. 

 Cecidomyia cerris, on leaf of Turkey Oak, ii 



Cecidomyia cratzegi, galls on Cratssgus, ii 

 546. 



possibility of transmitting effects, ii. 554. 



Cecidomyia Ericas, galls on Erica, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Galii, galls on Galium, ii. 545. 

 Cecidomyia genisticola, galls on Genista 



tinctoria, ii. 546. 

 Cecidomyia Loti, bud-galls on Lotus cornicu- 



latus, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia phyteumatis, bud-galls on Phy- 



teuma orbiculare, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia rosaria, cluster-galls on Salix, ii 



546. 



Cecidomyia scopariae, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Sisymbrii, galls on various Cru- 



ciferae, ii. 544. 



Cecidomyia urticae, gall on nettle-leaf, ii. 534. 

 Cecidomyia Verbasci, bud-galls on Verbas- 



cum, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia Veronicas, galls on Veronica 



chamaedrys, ii. 546. 

 Cecidoses Eremita, escape of larva, ii. 539. 



galls on Duvana, ii. 534, 537. 



Cecropia peltata, myrmecophilous, ii. 233. 



Cedrela, seed appendages, ii. 424. 



Cedrela odorata, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cedrela Toona, ii. 423. 



Cedrus, ii. 721. 



Cedrus atlantica, ii. 725. 



Cedrus Deodara, Asia Minor, ii. 725. 



freezing, i. 546. 



Cedrus Libani, ii. 725. 



age and height, i. 722. 



Celandine. See Chelidonium majus. 

 Celandine, Lesser. See Ranunculus ficaria. 

 Celastrineae, aril in, ii. 425. 

 Celastrus, Brazilian, capsule-gall, ii. 539. 

 Celastrus scandens, weaving stem, i 672. 

 Cell, laticiferous, i. 470. 



naked, unfortunate term, i. 26. 



observations of Brown and Mohl (1830- 



1840), i. 14. 



original meaning, i. 22. 



partition-wall, i. 26. 



shapes, i. 374; cf. i. 139. 



the, a minature chemical laboratory, i. 16. 



wall of, early views, i. 23. 

 Dell-aggregates, various comparisons of, i. 27. 

 Cell-cavities, connecting passages between, 



i.45. 



Cell-chambers, i 27. 

 ell-complexes, sorts of, i. 586, 587. 



Cell-contents, attraction of water by, i. 229 



Cell-division, i. 573. 



details, i. 580 et seq. 



in Spirogyra, ii. 657. 



3ell-formation, free, nature of, i. 575. 

 Cell-membrane, a sieve, i. 57. 



assumed structure, i. 57. 



correct view of, i. 14. 



diffusion through, i. 59. 



elastic, i. 59. 



imbibition of water, i. 58. 



modifications of, i. 43. 



of Diatoms, i. 40. 



penetrability of, i. 58. 



permeability in absorption-cells, i. 226. 



