INDEX. 





Euphorbiacese, phyllocladous, i. 334. 



spines, i. 446. 



staminal filaments, ii. 88. 



stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Euphrasia, abundance in mountainous dis- 

 tricts, i. 178. 

 - geographical distribution, i. 176. 



injury to pastures, i. 179. 



parasitic, i. 176, 243. 



protection of pollen from wet, ii 110. 



variability of floral colour, ii. 669. 



venation, i. 631. 



Euphrasia minima, autogamy, ii. 253, 351. 

 Euphrasia officiualis, sheltering of pollen, ii. 



109. 

 Euphrasia Rostkoviaua, &c., corolla and auio- 



gamy, ii. 366. I 



Euriops, pericarp mucilage, ; 615. 

 European lianes, i. 670. 

 Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



fermentative action, i. 508. 



mycelium and reproductive organs, ii. 679. 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 

 tion, flowering, i. 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, in plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



Evax, hairiness, i. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergreens, cuticle usually thick, i. 310. 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



of plants and classification, ii. 607. 

 Ex-albuminous, applied to seed, ii. 421. 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Rose, 

 i. 232. 



from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of caryophyllaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia, appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii. 600. 

 Exoascacese, description, ii. 676. 

 Exoascus Alni-incana3, galls, ii. 523. 

 Exoascus amentorum. See E. Alni-incance. 

 Exoascus Carpini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 Exoascus Cerasi, and Pruuus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformana, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alnus incana, ii. 



527. 



Exoascus insititise on Prunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, ii. 524, 676. 

 Exoascus turgidus, and Betula verrucosa, ii. 



527. 

 Exobasideae, hosts, ii. 688. 



hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Exobasidium, gall-formation, ii. 519. 

 Exobasidium Lauri, ii. 521, 688. 

 Exobasidium Rhododendri, ii. 688. 



gall-formation, ii. 520. 



Exobasidium Vaccinii, ii. 526, 688. 

 Exocarpus, switch-plant, i. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of, ii. 647. 

 Exogense, of De Candolle, ii. 603. 

 Exosmosis. See Osmosis. 



Exostemma longiflorum, flowers after pol- 

 lination, ii. 222. 

 Exothecium, of anther, ii. 94. 

 Experiments, cultural, difficulties of, ii. 513. 



questions addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for pollen dispersal, ii. 



260, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Expulsive-fruits, range of, ii. 839. 

 Extinction, incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anthers, ii. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Euphrasia. 

 Eye-spot, of Chlamydomonas, function, 11. 



629. 



of spermatozoid, ii. 52. 

 Eye-spots, of Volvox, ii. 635 



"Eyes", leaf characteristics of shoots from 

 ii. 516. 



of potato, i. 651. 



F. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagus, i. 263; ii. 761. 



and galls of Hormomyia fagi, U. 537. 



and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



ash of leaves from different localities, i. 



69. 



avoided by Mistletoe, i. 205. 



- bud-scales, i. 626. 

 cupule, ii. 434. 



effect of grazing animals, i. 445. 



fertilization porogainic, ii. 413. 



host of Pilacre, ii. 687. 



- hybrids of, ii. 583. 



mite-galls, ii. 529. 



phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 



pollination, ii. 133. 135. 



protogynous, ii. 313. 



root-tip with mycelial mantle, i. 250. 

 Fagus sylvatica, cotyledons, I. 621. 

 deciduous hairs, i. 354. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



foliage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, i. 353. 



liberation of cotyledons, i. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii 515. 



vernation, i. 350. 



vertical range, i. 527. 



Fairy rings, ii. 792. 



Falcaria ravini, periodically pendulous 



umbels, i. 530. 

 Fall of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars. See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See Amorpha. 

 Families, mutual relationships, ii. 605. 



of flowering plants, number, ii. 601 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, ii. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, ii. 549. 

 Fascicle, i. 738. 



Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, i. 216. 



vegetable, functions and composition, 



i. 462. 



Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463. 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, L 



169. 



Feather-foii See Hottonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stipa capillata. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740. 

 Fegatella, receptacles, ii. 697. 

 "Fel de terra", .e. earth -gall, native 



name of Lophophytum mirabile tubers, 



i.196. 

 Felspar, i 80, 83. 



attacked by lichens, i. 257. 

 Felt, of hairs, i. 321 



- type of community, ii. 889, 891 

 Felt-galls, ii. 528, 529. 

 Felt-hairs, and animals, i 442. 



Felt-like mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i 249. 



Fennel. See Fcmiculum. 

 Fenugreek. See Trigonellafatnwn-gracwn. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i 509. 

 of Bacteria, i. 162. 



of Pinguicula, action on milk, i. 142, 143. 



- secreted by Droeera glands. L 144. 

 Fermentation, alcoholic, i. 506. 



and enzymes, i. 461 



- and Moulds, i 507. 



- and respiration, mutual reoiaoement, i 



509. 



and Saccharomyces, ii. 684. 



by Bacteria, i. 623. 



- nature of, i 505 ; ii. 519. 

 Ferment-fungi, i. 505. 



Ferments, nature, function. &< 

 Ft-rn, lif,- 



life-history, ii. 708. 



- young sporm 



ives, membranous scales, i. 355. 

 thallium, i. 88, 384; ii. 67. 472. 708. 

 ii. 61. 



- alternation of generations. Ii 478. 



amphigonium, ii 67. 

 -anti- 



- apical cell, i. 579. 



a* saprophytes, i. 100. 



- buds on fron.K 



- certain, which roll up their leave*, i. 311 

 -climate and distrU >. 



- effect of strong light, i. 391. 



- fertilization, ii. 71. 475. 



- fossil, i 636. 



fronds and light, i 413 



- fruit, ii. 7. 



- habitats, 11. 705. 



- -hybrids among, ii. 581 



- not eaten by animals, i 431 



on ground of woods, i Iu9. 



- on trees, i 106. 



- Palamzoic, ii. 612 



- propagation by offshoot*, ii 458. 

 historical review. U. 8. 



- rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, i 168. 



- rolling of young frond*, i. 348, 



saprophytic, on steep rocks, i 108. 



- scent, ii. 615. 

 -sort. till. 



spore formation, ii. 10. 



sporophyte, U. 704. 



stem, varieties of. ii. 476 



two generations distinct, i 



various, ii 707. 



wax on fronds, i. 291 

 Ferraria, equitant leaves, i. 336. 

 Fertilization, ii. 415. 



- and mucilage in Ferns, ii 68. 



- and order of blossoming, i. 739. 



- and origin of species, ii 591 



and pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



changes Initiated by, ii 422. 



- conditions In Phanerogams, ii 71 



essence of process, ii 46. 



- essential difference between 



and Phanerogams, II. 418. 



- in Ferns, ii. 475. 



in Floridete, ii. 60. 



- in Reliant hemum marifolium. ii. 41 1 



- in Manilla, Salvinia, and Bdajtimlto. IL 



69. 



- in Moulds, doubted, 11. 677. 



- in Muscinew, ii. 66. 



in Peronosporesa, U. 669. 



in Phanerogamia, ii 717. 



- of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



- of Orchids, by Darwin, ii 738. 



resemblance in Musciness and Chances* 



U.66. 



twelve typical processes, il. 48. 



- unsolved problems, U. 415. 

 Fertilizing-tube of Peronosporew. Ii 56. 



of Saprolegniaoeie. Ii. 481 



Ferula, flowering, i 745. 



Ferulago, geitonogamy. ii 325. 

 Fescue-grasses. &* Fettuca. 

 Festuca, ii 746. 



- and Lolinm. hybridization. U. 583. 



- leaf-closing, i. 340. 



- pollination. U. 141 



- stomata, i. 340. 

 -vascular bundles of leaf. 1.343 

 Festuoa alpestris and cattle, i 436. 



leaf, section, i 942. 



Festuca alpina.bulbUa.li 451 

 Festuca anindinaoea. barns, i 439. 

 Festuca nigrescent, anthocyanln in glumes. 



i :c: 



Festuca Porcii, leaf, section, i 343. 

 Festuoa punctoria, l*at section, i 340 



tion of wax. i. 391 

 Festuca rupicaprina, bulbils, ii 451 



