958 



INDEX. 



Leaf, adaptive modifications, i. 637. 



arrangement of channels, i. 93. 



botanical definition, i. 595. 



compound, and nocturnal radiation, i. 532 



distinctive features, i. 649. 



effect of climate on, i. 325. 



electric currents in, of Dionsea, i. 151. 



evolution of meaning, i. 593. 



fistular, advantage of, i. 428. 



fleshy, i. 327. 



hairy covering on upper surface in relation 



to habitat and climate, i. 315. 



metamorphosis of. See Metamorphosis 



and also Leaves. 



movement in Pinguicula, i. 142. 



of Aldrovandia and Dionasa, i. 150. 



of Drosera. i. 145. 



of Drosophyllum, i. 154. 



of Pinguicula, structure, i. 141. 



of Saxifraga Aizoon, mechanism for pre 



vention of desiccation, i. 234. 



palmate, vascular bundles, i. 649. 



peltate, vascular bundles, ii. 649. 



pinnate, diurnal positions, i. 534. 

 vascular bundles, i. 649. 



position and wind, i. 427. 



regarded as fundamental organ, i. 10. 



scabrous, i. 440. 



spiral twisting, i. 429. 



stomata, chiefly on under side, i. 290. 



strengthening of, i. 426. 

 -subtending, i. 641. 



venation, i. 631, 633. 



young, position, i. 538. 

 Leaf-blade, change of inclination, i. 418. 



change of position, i. 338. 

 perforation and light, i. 413. 



shape, i. 627 et seq. 



vertical, in Myrtacese, &c., i. 335. 

 Leaf-cuttings, propagation by, ii. 41. 

 Leaf-fall, changes correlated with, i. 358. 

 effect of frost, i. 359. 



effect of habitat, i. 357. 



excretory nature of, i. 486. 



Horse-chestnut, i. 361. 



separation-layer, i. 359. 



thermal constants, i. 560. 



Leaf -green = chlorophyll, i. 375. 

 Leaflets, movements, i. 533. 

 Leaf-like structures on leaves, i. 649. 

 Leaf-mosaics, i. 410, 411. 



unequal-sized leaves, i. 421. 



unsymmetrical and unequal-sized leaves, 



i. 422. 



unsymmetrical leaves, i. 420. 

 Leaf-movements, of Mimosas, i. 339. 



various causes and advantages, i. 538. 

 Leaf-ixjsition, displacement by torsion, i 407 

 Leaf-|>rickles, i. 439. 



Leaf-shape and phyllotaxis, i. 408 

 Leaf -sheath, i. 595. 



of Grasses, i. 427. 



Leaf -skeletons, i. 628. 



Leaf-stalk, and twisting of internodes, i. 417 



chief duties, i. 637. 



elastic, advantage of, i. 428 



tendril, i. 692. 



sensitiveness to contact, i. 695 



Leaf-tendril, L 692. 

 Leaf-unfolding, Beech, i. 353. 



Tulip-tree, i. 352. 



^wSj i Pr0teCtive arran gement in young 

 Leaves, absorption of rain and dew, i. 370 



asymmetrical, advantage of, i. 421 



- autumnal colour, meaning of, i. 485 

 bi-lateral structure, i. 279. 



" TsT f direction durin & development, 



change of function, i. 450 



- channelling of stalks and'rain conduction 



- compound, movements of leaflets, i. 533 



- crumpled and rolled, i. 349 



cylindrical, i. 327 



- deciduous, i. 347. 



- decuasate arrangement, i. 398. 



Leaves, development of, i. 648. 



diurnal movements, i. 532. 



erect, need for protection, i. 428. 



floating, necessity for increased transpira 



tion, i. 288. 

 position of stomata on, i. 280. 



floral, i. 640. 



foliage, water-absurbiuj; structures of, i 



231. 



form and position of transpiring, i. 325. 



in tropics, size of, in correlation to mois 



ture of the air, i. 287. 



metamorphoses of, i. 11. 

 and division of labour, i. 594. 



motile, distribution of stomata on, i. 281. 



mutual accommodation, i. 305. 



of Palms, structure in relation to trans 



piration, i. 288. 



of Water-lilies, shadows of. i. 289. 



of Welwitschia mirabilis, i. 726. 



old and young, i. 347. 



opposite arrangement, i. 399. 



position and inclination of twigs, i. 416. 



position to light, i. 409. 



protection against crushing, i. 428. 



rolled, protection of stomata from mois- 



ture, i. 300. 



transverse sections, i. 301. 



wide distribution of plants with, i. 303, 



segmentation and light, i. 412. 



spiral arrangement and rain conduction, 



i. 96. 

 examples, i. 398. 



submerged, cause of elongation, ii. 505. 



succession in cones, &c., i. 402. 



succulent, loss of bulk through loss of 



water, i. 216. 



ternate, diurnal positions, i. 534. 



unfolding, i. 347, 34i/. 



i .-right, distribution of stomata on, i. 281. 



variety of weapons, i. 434. 



which retain dew and rain, i. 228. 



whorled and radical, rain conduction of, 



i. 95. 

 Lecanora esculenta, ii. 695. 



in desert, i. 555. 



the Manna-lichen, ii. 810. 



Lecidea, situation on a marble column, i. 



247. 

 Lecidea geographica, a Crustaceous Lichen, 



i.244. 



Lecideas, Crustaceous Lichens, ii. 694. 

 Ledum, pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 

 Ledum palustre, and Exobasidium Vaccinii 

 ii. 527. 



fading of flower, i. 743. 



felt-work of leaves, i. 302. 



Leeuwenhoeck, observations of, i. 21. 

 ' Legitimate union" in crossing, ii. 405. 

 Legume, nature of, ii. 432. 

 Legumin, of pulse seeds, i. 458. 

 Leguminosae, ii. 780. 



fruit protecting glands in, ii. 447. 

 - seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 



stipules, i. 448. 



tubercles and Bacteria, ii. 624. 



^eh, Kashmir, temperature in sun, i. 525 

 jeitneriaceae, ii. 758. 

 Lemauea, in cascades, i. 79. 



Lentibulariacese, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 

 Lentil. See Ervum. 

 Lentinus, origin of fructification, ii. 689. 

 Lenzites sepiaria, in wooden conduits, i. 117. 

 Leocarpus fragilis, external coating, i. 569. 



plasmodium, ii. 618, 491. 



sporangia, ii. 491. 



Leontice, germination, i. 622. 

 Leontodon, geitonogamy, ii. 319. 

 Leontodon hastile, autogamy, ii. 361. 



capitula and radiation, i. 530. 



Leonurus heterophyllus, guidance to honey, 



ii. 248. 



Lepidium campestre, autogamy, ii. 335. 

 Lepidium crassifolium, and animals, i. 432. 

 Lepidium Draba, and animals, i. 432. 



gall-mites and flower metamorphosis, 



ii. 548. 



Lepidium latifolium, radical buds, ii. 28. 

 Lepidium sativum, cotyledons, i. 621. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



seed cement, i. 615. 



Lepidodendraceae, characteristics, ii. 716. 

 Lepigonum marginatum, seed, ii. 423. 



seed appendages, ii. 424. 



Letterstedtia, geographical distribution, ii. 



648. 



Leucadendron, vertical leaf-blades, i. 335. 

 Leucadendron argenteum, mechanism for 



dispersal, ii. 856. 

 Leucauthemum vulgare, colour-contrast in 



capitulum, ii. 191. 

 elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 

 Leucin, i. 263. 



an amide, i. 458. 



nature of ii. 199. 



Leucobryum, absorptive apparatus, its struc- 

 ture, modes of action, purpose, i. 220. 



porous cells, i. 219. 



Leucodon sciuroides, brood-bodies, ii. 23, 



458. 



Leucojum, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Leucojum vernum, ii. 729. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



flower, ii. 170. 



juicy cushion of style, ii. 170. 



pollen sprinkling, ii. 274. 



scent, ii. 201. 



Leuconostoc mesenteroides, fermentation, 



ii. 623. 



Jeucopogon, pollen-tetrads, ii. 97. 

 Leucopogon Cunningham!, venation, i. 633. 

 ianes, i. 364. 



adaptative modifications, i. 476. 



autumnal preparation for coming spring, 



i. 282. 



general description, i. 670. 



hosts of Rhopalocnemis, i. 193. 



portion of stem, i. 689. 



ribbon-shaped, i. 475, 734. 



stem sections, i. 477. 



thickness of supports, i. 680. 



twisting of internodes, i. 417. 

 .ibauotis montana, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Jibocedrus, winter colour, i. 485. 



jibriform cells, nature of, i. 726. 



Lenma, rarity of flowers, ii. 457. 



seeds and heat, i. 555. 



swimming habit, i. 669. 

 ^emna gibba, roots, i. 754. 



Lemna minor and L. polyrrhiza, adaptation 

 to change of habitat, i. 76. 



chlorophyll in roots, i. 766. 



-.emna polyrrhiza, anthocyanin, i. 521. 



roots, i. 754. 



mna trisulca, absorbent cells, i. 766. 



and Chlorochytrium, ii. 637. 



chlorophyll granules, positions, i 382 

 -mnaceae, distinctive characters, ii 745 

 jennoaceae, ii. 768. 

 Lentibulariaceae, ii. 171. 



autogamy in, ii. 356. 



deposition of pollen in, ii. 280. 



Lichen, controlling element in, ii. 692. 



edible. See Lecanora esculenta. 



Graphic. See Lecidea geographica. 



modern views of nature, ii. 692. 

 Lichen-alga, determining growth in form of 



Cora, ii. 695. 

 Lichen-fungus, growth independent of A]ya, 



ii. 695. 

 Lichen-thallus, ranging power of partners 



of, i. 245. 

 Lichens, absorption of aqueous vapour, &c., 



i. 218. 



absorption of carbonic acid, i. 62, 368. 

 - corrosion of iron, i. 258. 



Crustaceous, Istria and Dalmatia, heat 



resistance, i. 554. 

 nature of, i. 244. 



dependence on atmospheric moisture,!. 217. 



dispersal, ii, 693, 816. 



