

Lichens, dissemination of spores, i. 246. 



epiphytic, i. 77. 



formerly treated as parasites, i. 159. 



etching of marble pillar by, i. 257. 



families of, ii. 693. 



Foliaceous, habit of, i. 244. 



force of hyphal threads, i. 513. 



forming rings, ii. 793. 



Fruticose, characteristics of, i. 245. 



gelatinous, i. 244; ii. 694. 



hyplue and Algae, ii. 693. 



on Loranthus, i. 212. 



part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to environment, &c., i. 247. 



soredia, ii. 24. 

 dispersal, ii. 816. 



substratum, ii. 498. 



symbiotic nature, i. 244; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 264. 



discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fern, ii. 476, 708. 



Light, affects geographical distribution, L 

 394. 



and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



and form of leaves, i. 430. 



and direction of branching, i. 414. 



and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



and position of leaves, i. 409. 



and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



and sexual organs of Vauoheria, ii. 644. 



avoiding tendrils, i. 699. 



bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 



effect of varying intensity, i. 381. 



influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



transformation into heat, i. 519. 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 Lignification, of hairs, i. 441. 



use of, i. 474. 

 Lignin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulate florets and nocturnal radiation, i. 



530. 



of Compositae, ii. 114. 

 Ligule, function in arundinaceousplants, i. 98. 



of Grasses, i. 427; ii. 746. 



of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



of Selaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligu strum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519 



Witches' Broom galls, ii. 548. 



Lilac. See Syringa vulgaris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Liliacese, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



geitonogamy in, ii. 325. 



general characters, ii. 730. 



incompletely protogynous genera, ii. 311. 



polyembryony in, ii. 468. 

 Lilifloreae, hybrids among, ii. 583. 



various, ii. 729. 



Ijilioideae, distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 Lilium, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



propagation, ii. 556. 



Lilium album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



.Lilium auratum, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium bulbiferum, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 678. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii. 119. 



Xilium Carniolicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Xiliuin Chalcedonicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croceum, absence of vegetative pro 



pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lilium Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



downward pull of roots, L 767. 



leaf -movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating pollen-grai 



INDEX. 



ilium Martagon, stomata, i. 339. 



ilium tigrinuui, stamen of green flow.-r, ii 

 86. 



ily-of-the-valley. See ConvaUaria majalis. 



lime. See Tilia. 



Lime, accumulation by snails and hydro- 

 phytes, solution and reprecipitation, i. 

 260. 



amount formed by Potamogeton lucens, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 (ime. bicarbonate, excretion by 



absorbing organs, conversion into mono- 

 carbonate, i. 234. 



importance of, in nutrition, i. 67. 



"Auie incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



in Chara, ii. 600. 



in Codiacese, ii. 645. 



of Hydrophytes, i. 61. 



restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



oxalate of, i. 42. 



protective incrustation over absorption 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, &c., i. 234. 



protective incrustations on leaves, i. 235. 

 jimestone, corrosion by plants, i. 258. 



humus on, ii. 499. 



limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Liumanthemum, habit, i. 666. 



protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 



~ iinnobium molle, habitat, as mud-collector, 



i. 267. 

 Jimosellaaquatica,sub-aqueousfertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 ^inaria, aestivation, ii. 211. 



and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



axillary buds, ii. 29. 



cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



honey concealment, ii. 180. 



insect platform, ii. 228. 



results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



sheltering of pollen, ii. 110. 



storing of honey, ii. 172. 



variability of floral colour, ii. 669. 

 Linaria alpina, flower, ii. 180. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, 1. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53 



Linaria genistifolia, ii. 560. 



Linaria littoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 

 own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 

 weather, ii. 448. 



Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28, 



Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 

 lished hybrid of. ii. 591. 



Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 



Linaria vulgaris, and animals, I. 432. 



buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindsaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Calluna vulyaris. 



Linnaea borealis, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301 



flower, ii. 236. 



scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 870. 



Linnaeus and hermaphrodite flowers, Ii. 30( 



definition of a species, ii. 486. 

 -floral clock, ii. 215. 



on varieties, in Philosophia Botanica, il 



514. 



(1707-1778), revolutionizes the study c 



botany, i. 5. 



system of classification, i. 6; Ii. 60L 

 Linnean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 

 _ _ classes 11, 12, 17, 21. ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14, 15. 16. 18, 20, IL 292. 



first ten class, ii. 289. 



table of classes, IL 288. 



Linum, heterostylism, iL 399. 



seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum catharticum, opening and closing, U 



220. 

 Linum grandlflorum, withering of coroll 



and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Linum perenne, opening of flower, U. 212. 

 Linum tenuifollum, recurrent opening, U 



213. 



959 



inum usitatiMimuro, cluster-galls oo, ii. 547. 



non-adaptability. 



inum viscosum, duration of flowering, ii. 



213. 



- guides to honey, 11. 249. 

 i'luiihiiubar, pistillate flower, mwffH. U. 

 293. 



staminate flower, monoecia, ii. 293. 

 <iquorioe. See GfycyrrAuo. 



idron, fossil, i. 636. 



- protection of pollen, U. 124. 



iron tulipifera, leaf unfolding. L 

 352. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



tiro stipule*, L 628. 



stipules, i. 351. 



Listen, insect-visitors, iL 266. 



labellum, U. 254. 



Jstera ovata, allurement of Insect*. iL 208. 

 ^ithiuni in plant*. L 68. 

 Lithophytea, L 267. 



absorption of carbonic add. L 367. 



- ,lu,T . ;if,-!,.-rs. i. .-'. 



heat resistance, I. 554. 



- rapid water surrender, L 666. 



source of food salt*, L 79. 



- what Include, L 56. 



whence obtain ammonia, L 65. 



- whence obtain carbonic acid, I. 61. 

 Lithospermum. protogynous, b 

 Lithospermum arvense. autogamy. IL 332. 

 protogynous, Ii. 310. 



jithospennum purpureo-cosrulmm, stokma, 

 i. tv.3. 



LltbothamnesB, lime deposition Mid resis- 

 tance. L 426. 



Lithothamnia, as marine lime-accumulator*. 



Littorella lacustris, offshoot*. IL 466. 



resemblance to laoHes teoortri* 



Liverwort*. See Hepatic*. 



Lifla Juncorum. galls on Juncus. U. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orckit MrvftM. 



LoaaaoesB, stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Lobelia Dortnianni. resemblance to Isotea 



lacustris, Ii. 717. 



Lobelia splendens, scarlet flower, ii. 198. 

 Lobeliaceaj, 11. 767. 



Lobularia nummularia, autogamy. U. 339. 

 Lobularia nummularitefolia, flowers and 



young fruits. Ii. 184. 

 Locust-bean, fruit of Ceratonla Siliqoa. . 



636. 



Lodicule, of Gramineas. ii. 746. 

 Lodoioea Sechellarum, fruit. IL 461 740. 

 Loew. E., BlUtenbWoftoohe Ftortstik, iL 



399. 



LoganlaoesB. ii. 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distributUm. L 301 



rolled learea, i. 301 



Loiseleuria. Bee also AtdUa pro*m1*~. 

 Lonicera and Hawk-moths, IL 207. 



- and insect visit*, ii. 223. 



cyme, 1. 738. 



- nectaries, IL 177, 178. 



opening of flower. II. 212. 



- pollen-grain. Ii. 100. 



- twining stem, L 681. 



- twisting of Internodea, L 417. 

 Lonloera aipigena, flower-opeoioi ooortMii 



i. 669. 



nectary, IL 178. 



pollen deposition. IL 278. 



Lonioera caprlfollum, dextrom twining, I. 



nocturnal perfume, il. 208. 



opening of flower, iL 21L 



gcent, IL 20L 



scent and Sphinx OonvolTnlLiL 208, 



twining. 1.689. 



Lonicera cuiosa, example of 



creeper. L 160. 

 Lonicera ccsnilea, cyme, L 748. 



- - reserve-buds, IL 31 

 Lonioera Etrusca, flower, ii. 227. 



nocturnal perfume, U. 208. 



Lonloera fragranUsaim*, reserve-buds. U. A 



