INDEX. 



965 



Orchids, depth of tuberous roots, i. 552. 



embryo detachment, ii. 450. 



epiphytic, i. 77. 



protective function of water-absorbing 

 layers in drought,, i. 223. 



roots, clamp-cells, i. 220. 



double function of, i. 220. 



expulsive apparatus for pollen-transfer, ii. 



269. 



flour-like coating on lip, ii. 169. 



good and bad flowering years, ii. 472. 



great variety, ii. 738. 



hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



labellum, ii. 253. 



leaf -bud, emergence from soil, i. CIO. 



light seeds, ii. 851. 



mode of adhering to bark, i. 107. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



opening of flowers, ii. 212. 



origin of nucellus, ii. 84. 



pollen retention, ii. 283. 



pollen-sacs, ii. 90. 



roots, adventitious, i. 751. 

 aerial, i. 753. 



origin, i. 771. 



saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108. 



structure of flower, ii. 253, 736. 



sugar crystals, ii. 172. 



terrestrial, downward pull of roots, i. 767. 

 roots, i. 760. 



tropical, chlorophyll in roots, i. 375. 

 epiphytic, thick cuticle, i. 309. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



twisting of ovary, ii. 224 



venation, i. 634. 



whose stomata lie in hollow tubercles, i 



300. 



withering of perianth and pollination, ii 



286. 



Orchis, pollen deposition and retention, ii 

 284. 



spur of labellum, ii. 255. 



variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Orchis hircina, scent, ii. 202. 

 Orchis mascula, alluring spur, ii. 171. 

 Orchis pallens, scent, ii. 202. 



Orders, of flowering plants, number of, ii 



604. 

 Organic acids, function, i. 463. 



compounds, multiplicity of, i. 455. 



primary, formation of, i. 455. 



sources of, in water, L 100. 



material, synthesis of, i. 378. 



matter, absorption of, i. 99. 



small amount required by most sapr< 



phytes, i. 117. 



remains found in water-receptacles, i. 242 



substances in clear springs, i. 101. 

 Organization, complexity, and higher de 



velopment, it 598. 

 Organs, change of function, i. 450. 



elementary early ideas of, i. 14. 



for removal of substances, i. 47L 



reduced, question of utility, L 747. 



reproductive, protection from loss 



heat, i. 529. 



similarity of function and similarity 



structure, ii. 615. 



Origanum, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 

 Orlaya, peripheral flowers, ii. 186. 

 Orlaya grandiflora, hooked fruit, ii. 873. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



Ornithogalum, colour of flower, ii. 183. 



epiphyllous buds, U. 43. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



rolled leaves, i. 348. 



stomata, position of, i. 348. 

 Ornithogalum nutans, ovary and fertih 



tion, ii. 415. 



staminal stipules, ii. 89. 



Ornithogalum umbellatum, leaf-bud, erne 



gence from soil, i. 640. 



protection of poll en, ii. 113. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Orobanchaceae, ii. 771. 

 _ embryo, &c.,i. 184 

 establishment on host, i. ie. 



robanchaceae, features used for classifica- 

 tion, i. 186. 



general resemblance to Orchide*. i. 184. 



geographical distribution, &c., i. 186. 



Kvrmination, i. 750. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus in, ii. 271. 

 robanche, embryo, i 



former view n-Kanling, i. 185. 

 robanche caryophyllacea, ic., scent, ii. 201. 



robanche Epitbymuin, germination, i. 173. 



robus, keel movements and pollen brush, 

 ii. 252. 



robus Pannonicus, roots, i. 7(30. 



robus venetus, floral change of colour, ii. 



191. 



}robus vernus, elevation and coloration, ii. 

 511. 



seed dispersal, ii. 835. 



Orpine. See Srdum Telrphivm. 

 :>rthostichies, of leaves, i. 397. 

 relation to divergence, i. 403. 

 Drthotrichum, hybrids, ii. 583. 

 Drthotrichum fallax, mode of adhering to 



bark, i. 106. 



Mhotropous ovule, i. 644. 

 Dryza clandestina, venation, i. 633. 

 Oscillaria, movement of, i. 39. 

 Oscillaria tenuis, verdigris-coloured films, I. 



105. 



Oscillarias and heat, i. 554. 

 Oscillatoriese, circular movements, L 681 

 Osier Willow. See Salix wiminalu. 

 Osmia, pollen brush, ii. 168. 

 Osmosis, nature of, i. 69. 

 Osmunda regalis, frond, ii. 476. 



sporangia, ii. 12. 



OsmundacesB, characteristics, ii. 709. 

 Ostracoda, resemblance of Utricularia 



bladders to, i. 122. 

 Ostrya, cupule, ii. 435. 



mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



venation, i. 631. 



vernation, i. 350. 



Ostrya carpinifolia, isolated colonies, L 528. 



wind-dispersal, ii. 848. 



Ousting of plants by other plants, L 268. 

 Outline of classification, ii. 617. 

 Ouvirandra fenestralis, Madagascar, ii. 738. 

 Ovaries, classification, ii. 75 et seq. 

 Ovaries, Phanerogamic, ii. 73. 

 Ovary and antholysis, ii. 79. 



discussion of structure, ii. 78 et seq. 



inferior, nature of, ii. 79. 



in Orchidacese, ii. 253. 



nature and modifications, i. 642. 



of Colocasia antiquorum, ii. 742. 

 Over-transpiration, prevention of in G 



i. 344. 

 Ovule, a macrosporangium, ii. 478. 



chalazogamic fertilization in Carpinus 



ii.412. 



- homology, ii. 717. 



- morphological considerations, L 643. 



morphological value, ii. 81 



of Gymnosperms, ii. 418. 



- parts of, i. 644. 



sort* of, L 644. 



- structure, ii. 80, 416. 



transformation into tuber or bud, Ii. 481 

 Ovules, ii. 83. 



and nocturnal radiation, i. 629. 



arrangement on carpels, L 644. 



attraction for pollen-tubes, iL 414. 



of Cycads, ii. 720. 



Ovuliferous scale, of Abietinese, ii 721. 



of Pinus sylvestris and other Conifers 



ii. 441. 



shoot of Taxus, ii. 442. 

 Oxalate of lime, formation, i. 458. 

 Oxalic acid, combination with calcium, i. 6 



function, i. 458, 463. 



OxalidacejB, cleistogamy in, Ii. 393. 

 Oxalis, Rjstivation, ii. 210. 



capsule, U. 431. 



- drooping of flowers, artificially indue* 



ii.122. 



heterostylism, ii. 899. 



xalis, opening of flower 

 on of pollen, . 



xalis acetosella, leaf, diurnal positions. I 

 534. 



leaf movements, I. 398. 



- seed and embryo, ii. 422. 



- seed-dispersal il. 834. 



- unfolding leaves, i. 349. 



xalis laslandra, duration of flowering. U. 



xalis rnsea, movements of cotyledons. L 



xalis sensitiva, leaf. 

 634, 



movements of cotyledons, L 631 



xalis ftri.-la. .-ath, r ai.,1 uiiu%;amy. .1 3'.'1 

 >xalis Valdiviana. movement* of cotyledons, 



L632. 

 x^ye Daisy. Bee Le 



)xidation. and blue rays, L 390. 

 - by Bacteria, Ii. 823. 

 )xlip. See Primula tlatior. iL 404. 

 Jxyanthus tublflorus. depth of flower, U. 

 180. 



ybaphus, seed, mucilage organs. L 616. 

 )xybaphus nyctagtneus, pollen-cralns, iL 97. 

 )xycoccace, U. 770. 



, wax on leaves, L 801 



Oxygen, and respiration. L OS. 501 

 elimination of, L 60. 



- volume exhaled by plant, I. 455. 

 Oxythyrea funesta, and young capitula of 



Composites. iL 243. 



P. 



Pachyma. sclerotia of Agaridneas, iL 689. 

 Pachypappa vesicalis and mantle-gall on 



Abele, iL 630. 



Pachypleurum, geitonogamy. iL SM. 

 Pachysandra, coloured stamen-filaments. iL 



183. 



- pollen and pollination. L 645. 



- scent, ii. 200. 



Padina Pavonia. structure, L 590. 

 Piederota, nectary, U. 175. 



- protogynous. iL 311. 



Pwderota Ageria, croes-fertilixation. U. 301. 



fertility, dependence on inaect*. iL 401 



pull of root*, L 768. 



Pseonia, anthocyanin, L 481 



protogynous, iL 31L 



Pseonia pubens, vitality of spermatopiasm. 



ii. 96. 

 Palieo-botanj Importance of venation. L 



635. 



Paleontology, bearing on evolution, IL 610, 

 Paleozoic vegetable remains. iL 61L 

 Palea, of Gramine*. iL 746. 

 Palisade-cella. L 472. 



movements of chlorophyll-granule*. L 



38L 

 Palisade parenchyma. L 139. 



tissue, consumption of carbonic acid. L 



368. 



of leave*, L 279. 



varieties, L 371 



Pallavicinia. vascular system, iL 699. 

 PalmacejB, description, iL 749. 

 Palmella, Alga of EmerioaUa, iL 696. 

 I':ii,, -lla cruenta. blood-red patches, L 106. 



Palms, climbing. 



fruit protection. IL 445. 



germination, L 601 



-leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 

 piration, i. 288. 



- pollen-grains. iL 99. 



- temperature within spatne, L SOL 

 _ vitality of spennatoplasm. iL 96. 

 Palmyra Palm. See Boraunu fiat*Ot/ormi*. 

 Pandanace, Ii. 745. 



- weaving habit in, L 677. 

 Pandanus. phyllotaxis. L 401 



- root*, i. 766. 



