980 



INDEX. 



Tubercles, of Orchids, with internal stomata, 



double function, i. 300. 

 Tubercular galls, ii. 535. 

 Tuberculosis, bacterial origin, ii. 624. 

 Tubers, propagation of hybrids by, ii. 556. 



replacing flowers and fruit, ii. 460. 



resting, of desert perennials, i. 556. 

 Tubular floret of Composite, ii. 115. 



Tufa, calcareous, formed by the action of 



Mosses, i. 260. 



Tulip Tree. See Liriodendron tulipifera. 

 Tulipa, artificially induced drooping, ii. 123. 



dispersed by roots, ii. 832. 



double flowers, ii. 80. 



forcing, i. 564. 



hybridization and flower colours, ii. 568. 



insect platform, ii. 229. 



leaves and rain conduction, L 94. 



opening and closing, ii. 220. 



opening of flower, ii. 212. 



Tulipa Didieri, cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 

 Tulipa Gesneriana, depth in soil and growth, 



ii.507. 



Tulipa sylvestris, autogamy, ii. 379. 

 flower, part of, ii. 240. 



protection of pollen, ii. 120. 



scent, ii. 203. 



Tulostoma mammosum, ii. 690. 

 Tunbridge ware and Peziza seruginosa, ii. 682. 

 Tundra, the, Lichens of, i. 218. 

 Turgenia, protogynous, ii. 311. 



Turgenia latifolia, autogamy, ii. 342. 

 flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 

 Turgescence, i. 277. 

 Turgidity, and "burning", i. 551 



and growth, i. 511. 



and leaf-movements, i. 532. 



and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



and organic acids, i. 464. 



and shortening of root, i. 770. 



nature of, i. 59. 



of staminal filaments, ii. 140. 

 Turion, application of term, i. 624. 



scale leaves of, function, i. 625. 

 Turkey Oak. See Quercus Cerris. 

 Turnip. See Brassica Rapa rapacea. 

 Turpentine Gall-apple, ii. 534. 

 Turritis glabra, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Tussilago, distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 



protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Tussilago Farfara, dichogamy, ii. 312. 



flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 652. 



two-coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



Twayblade. See Listera. 



Twining, accessory aids, i. 687. 



and torsion, i. 683. 



conditions regulating, i. 682. 



independence of external conditions i 



685. 



plants, leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



stem, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



stems, annual and perennial, i. 688. 

 Tylanthus ericoides, rolledleaf , section.i 301 

 Typha, absorbent cotyledon, i. 765. 



cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 



details of germination, i. 608. 



erect leaves, i. 428. 



monoecious, iL 297. 



protogynous, ii. 313. 



wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Typha angustifolia, leaf-twist, i. 429. 

 Typha latifolia, cohering pollen-grains ii 97 

 Typha Shuttleworthii, germination, i. 607. 



cohering pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



plumed fruits, ii. 857. 

 TyphacejB, ii. 745. 



Typhus, relapsing, germ of, i. 163 



Tyrol, Castle of Ambras, Lichens on column 



mountain pines, i. 549. 



temperature observations, i. 547 

 Tyrosin, i. 263. 



an amide, i. 458. 



nature of. ii. 199. 



u. 



TJdotea, thallus, ii. 645. 

 Ulex, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



protection of stomata from moisture, i. 298 

 Ulex Gallii, &c., fruit-protection, ii. 445. 

 spines, i. 434. 



Ulmacese, ii. 758. 

 Ulmus, bud-scales, i. 626. 



flowering, ii. 150. 



leaf-mosaic, i. 422. 



phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



pollen discharge, ii. 145. 



protogynous, ii. 313. 



roots, i. 752. 



Ulmus campestris and gall of Schizoneura 

 Ulmi, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura alba, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura Ulmi, ii. 532, 533 



diameter, i. 722. 



flowers and fruits, ii. 143. 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Ulothrix, cilia of swarming protoplast, i. 29. 



life-history, ii. 648. 



vacuole of swarm-spore, i. 31. 

 Ulothrix zonata, ii. 648. 



fruit-formation, ii. 50. 



Ulva, chlorophyll bodies, i. 373. 



habit, i. 587. 

 Ulvaceae, range, i. 390. 

 Ulvae, on Crabs, i. 77. 



Diva lactuca, best situation, i. 105. 

 Ulva latissima, ii. 648. 

 Umbel, i. 739. 

 Umbelliferse, ii. 788. 



aestivation in, ii. 210. 



and Field-mice, i. 763. 



anthocyanin and elevation, i. 522. 



autogamy, ii. 342. 



behaviour of cotyledons, i. 600. 



buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



fleshy leaves, i. 327. 



flowers, sexual, conditions in, ii. 2%. 



geitonogamy in, ii. 323. 



honey, ii. 179. 



hybrids few, ii. 584. 



insect guests, ii. 230, 243. 



integument of ovule, ii. 81. 



liberation of cotyledons, i. 612. 



massing of flowers, ii. 186. 



oriental, flowering, i. 745. 



periodically pendulous umbels, i. 530. 



pollen deposition in, ii. 278. 



pollen-grains, ii. 102. 



power of crossing, ii. 616. 



protection from grazing animals, i. 451 

 of pollen, ii. 120. 



protogyny in, ii. 311. 



scent of flowers, stem, &c., ii. 199. 



schizocarp and mericarps, ii. 430. 



seed protection from dryness, ii. 450. 



sticky stigmas in, ii. 282. 



venation, i. 632. 



Umbilicaria, Foliose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Umbrella Pine. See Sciadopithys verti- 



cillata. 



Unbidden guests of plants, nature of, ii. 230 

 Undershrubs, characteristics of inflores- 

 cences, i. 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 

 Underwood, promotion of growth, ii 36 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, i. 353. 



of leaves, i. 349. 



Unger, Franz, botanical observations at 

 Kitzbiihel, ii. 495. 



history of plants, ii. 3. 



work on development and its title, i 13 

 Unguiculate petal, ii. 250. 



Unicellular organisms, green, behaviour 



towards light, i. 382. 

 Unisexual flowers, ii. 291. 

 Unona, scent, ii. 202. 

 Upas-tree. See Antiaris toxicaria. 



Upsala, floral clock, ii. 215. 

 Urania, caudex, i. 714. 

 Urea, absorption of, i. 104. 

 Uredineae, dispersal of spores, ii. 812. 



habit and characteristics, ii. 685. 

 Urocystis, spores, ii. 675. 

 Urocystis Violse. ii. 676. 



Uromycea Alchemillse, effect on Alchemilla 



vulgaris, ii. 524. 

 UromycesPhyteumatum, effect on Phyteuma 



orbiculare, ii. 524. 

 Uromyces Pisi, and Euphorbia Cyparissias, 



ii. 525. 

 Uromyces Primulaeintegrifolise, andPrimula 



Clusiana, &c., ii. 525. 

 Urophora cardui, bud-galls on Cirsium 



arvense, ii. 543. 

 Urpflanze, Goethe's, i. 12. 

 Urtica, amount of pollen, ii. 151. 



bast-cells, i. 725. 



cotyledon stinging hairs, i. 623. 



ejection of pollen, ii. 94, 136. 



force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 



pollen-grain, ii. 102. 



pollination, ii. 133. 



species causing tetanus, i. 442. 

 Urticacese, ii. 719. 



andrcecium, ii. 750. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



Urtica dioica, and gall of Cecidomyia urticae, 

 ii. 534. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



stinging hair, i. 493. 



Urtica urens, monoecious, ii. 297. 



persistent cotyledons, i. 622. 



protogynous, ii. 313. 



stinging, i. 441. 



Usnea barbata, Fruticose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Ustilagineae, mode of dispersal of spores, ii. 



812. 



Ustilago carbo. See U. segetum. 

 Ustilago longissima, hosts, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago Maydis, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago segetum, life-history, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago violacea, on CaryophyllaceaB, ii. 675. 

 Utricle, of Genlisea, i. 124. 



primordial, i. 25. 

 Utricularia, autogamy, ii. 356. 



dispersal of offshoots, ii. 807. 



embryo, i. 596. 



floating habit, i. 668. 



leaves and bladders, i. 120. 



pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 [Jtricularia Grafiana, i. 120. 

 CTtricularia minor, i. 120. 



Utricularia neglecta, traps, absorption cells. 

 i. 121. 



Utricularia nelumbifolia, commensal with 

 Tillandsia, runners of, i. 123. 



Jtriculariae, carnivorous plants, with trap- 

 bladders, i. 120. 



some non-aquatic, i. 123. 

 Uvularia, autogamy, ii. 332. 



grandiflora, nectaries, ii. 177. 



V. 



Vacciniacese, ii. 770. 

 Vaccinium, hybrids, ii. 585. 



pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 



protection of pollen, ii. 107, 118. 



sticky stigmas, ii. 282. 



Vaccinium Myrtillus, allurement of insects, 

 ii. 206. 



dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



grooving of stem, i. 96. 



mycorhiza, i. 251. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



accinium Oxycoccus, dehiscence of pollen- 

 sacs, ii. 92. 



duration of flowering, ii. 214. 



force of runners, i. 516. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



