59 



neither Government nor European enterprise can 

 compete with indigenous labor in the cultivation 

 of the established crops, because in the case of the 

 former all profits are absorbed by a highly-paid 

 supervising establishment, which, though not requi- 

 site in England, is essential in India ; while the 

 latter'only cultivate areas which their families can 

 work, or exchange labor for labor, thus reducing 

 the expenditure to a minimum. 



28. When a new plant is to be introduced, how- 

 S, Mn?onthe ever, the case is different ; and if the cul- 



other hand, Gov- . . n , i s^t ^ i i i 



eminent may tivation of the CaioiTovis is to be accom- 



most fitly take 



the initiative, ph'ghed, Government must take the initia- 

 tive by granting pecuniary aid, only closely 

 observing the principle laid down by Sir George 

 Campbell, " not to farm directly ourselves, but to 

 select intelligent experts to farm after their own 

 fashion on our land." 



29. The advance system is already known in 



The takkdvi, or India as takkdvi, and dates almost from 



advance system, 



our first occupation of the country. It 

 was instituted to provide for agricultural improve- 

 ments, which, without these advances, the people 

 are not in a position to undertake. From the Gov- 

 ernment Blue Book, so often referred to, we learn 

 that a " consolidation of the laws on the subject of 

 takkdvi was necessary ; and in the end of September, 

 1871, the Land Improvement Act (which is an Act 

 to consolidate and amend the Law relating to ad- 

 vances by Government for agricultural improve- 

 ments) became law. The Act authorizes local 



