60 



Governments to make rules, prescribing the manner 

 in which advances may be made, the conditions 

 under which they may be granted, the arrangements 

 for securing the due expenditure of advances, and 

 for the proper inspection and maintenance of works 

 constructed by their means. Any landlord or 

 tenant desiring to make improvements of land in 

 which he is in possession or occupation, may make 

 an application to the collector for an advance, stating 

 the nature and amount of security for repayment, 

 which is recoverable by the same means as arrears 

 of revenue. But an advance to a tenant is not to 

 be made if the landlord dissents." It is to this 

 system we owe the introduction of opium, indigo, 

 silk, and other products, and it is to this system we 

 must look, for some time to come, for assistance in 

 the introduction of all new agricultural commodities.* 

 30. To shew that the takJcdvi system is not, so 

 The system flat- far as its principle is concerned, confined 



kavij is not con- L 



otheEast. to the j;^ J WQuld ^ Qne Qr twQ 



instances in which advances have been made nearer 

 home. When the growth of flax was a desideratum, 

 a grant of 1,000 a year was made to the Royal 

 Flax Improvement Society for the culture of flax in 

 Ireland, a measure which, though unnecessary in 

 England, has certainly been most useful in that 



* Referring to the early history of cotton, David Breinner writes : "A 

 great impetus was given to the incipient industry by the emperors of the 

 Yuen dynasty, towards the close of the 13th century. They encouraged, 

 and in some cases forced, the inhabitants to grow the plant, imposing on 

 the provinces an annual tribute for cotton wool. In course of time the 

 people came to see that the crop was a very advantageous one, and they 

 devoted themselves to its cultivation without further nursing by the 

 State,"" Great Industries in Great Britain," Part I. 



